{"id":3593,"date":"2024-10-14T00:47:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T15:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3593"},"modified":"2026-06-17T17:13:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T08:13:11","slug":"%e7%ac%ac750%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802023-r05-5%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c750\u53f7\u30002023-r05-5\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c750\u53f7\u30002023(R05).05\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u3068\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\u72b6\u3068\u518d\u79fb\u52d5
Former Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
\u685d\u7530\u3000\u6b63\u6cbb<\/a>
No \u00a7 Soil - No.21
\u300c\u571f\u306f\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u306a\u305c\uff1f
\uff0d\u571f\u306f\u751f\u304d\u7269\u306a\u306e\u304b
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\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u3068\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e
\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\u72b6\u3068\u518d\u79fb\u52d5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Former Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
\u685d\u7530\u3000\u6b63\u6cbb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u3000\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u751f\u7406\u969c\u5bb3\u304c\u3042\u307e\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306b\u306f\u81f3\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u7e41\u6b96\u6027\u306e\u91ce\u83dc\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u65b0\u54c1\u7a2e\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u7279\u6027\u3084\u9023\u4f5c\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u75c5\u5bb3\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u591a\u304f\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u611f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u6804\u990a\u7e41\u6b96\u6027\u306e\u30b5\u30c4\u30de\u30a4\u30e2\uff0c\u30b5\u30c8\u30a4\u30e2\uff0c\u30b8\u30e3\u30ac\u30a4\u30e2\uff0c\u30cb\u30f3\u30cb\u30af\uff0c\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u306a\u3069\u306f\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u539f\u7a2e\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u5897\u6b96\u3055\u305b\u7a2e\u82d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e02\u8ca9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u683d\u57f9\u8005\u304c\uff11\uff0c\uff12\u5e74\u7e41\u6b96\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u30a6\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u306b\u611f\u67d3\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\uff0c\u5916\u898b\u4e0a\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u304b\u3089\u306f\uff0c\u75c5\u7684\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u751f\u7406\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u898b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u52ff\u8ad6\uff0c\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\uff0c\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u6b20\u4e4f\u3084\u62ee\u6297\u963b\u5bb3\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u5fae\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u6b20\u4e4f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3082\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Mg\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\u306f\u5fae\u91cf\u306e\u4e9c\u785d\u9178\u30ac\u30b9\u3084\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a2\u30ac\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u969c\u5bb3\u306b\u3082\u6642\u306b\u306f\u985e\u4f3c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u30aa\u30ad\u30b7\u30c0\u30f3\u30c8\u3084\u30cf\u30c0\u30cb\u306e\u5bb3\u3068\u9177\u4f3c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3082\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u3059\u3050\u306b\u306f\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The former gas disorder tends to occur in greenhouse cultivation, especially with the heavy use of organic fertilizers such as oil cake and chicken manure. In addition, the gas disorder is also more likely to occur in open field cultivation of direct-seeded vegetables such as spinach, radish, and komatsuna, because their leaves are in contact with the ground surface. The mechanism of gas generation has already been clarified, and it is necessary to control the acidity of soil pH and the amount of nitrogen fertilizers, especially ammonia-form nitrogen fertilizers, to suppress gasification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The morning glory shown in the photo (1) in Fig. 1 is a typical example of such a disturbance, and was an indicator plant for photochemical smog in the 1970s, which the author also investigated at a farm affiliated with Kyoto University about 50 years ago. At that time, I learned that taros were sensitive to photochemical smog among vegetables. Even recently, when cucumber leaves temporarily encounter intense light in early summer, the veins of the leaves become mottled and whitened on the following two days. This phenomenon is probably caused by the inability of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system to instantaneously process the excess light energy, but no evidence has been obtained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In the Earls melon shown in Photo (2), high temperatures and temporary intense light also cause overnight discoloration of some of the spaces between the veins of the leaves. Although the earl melon is an extremely high temperature tolerant crop (no damage occurs on the leaves on the opposite side of the strong light even at 43\u00b0C), the high temperature combined with strong light causes damage to the leaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Unlike nitrite, ammonia gas, photochemical oxidants, or high light damage, the mite damage shown in photo (3) is characterized by blurred leaf symptoms, and as the disease progresses, many mites can be seen on the underside of the leaves with the naked eye. However, the initial symptoms are similar to those of Mg deficiency and are difficult to distinguish. In particular, it is better to suspect mite damage first rather than physiological disorders in vegetables at the beginning of the hot season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mg deficiency symptoms and component migration in melon defoliation and cucumber<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Overview of melon defoliation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u30a6\u30ea\u79d1\u4f5c\u7269\u3067\u306f\u751f\u80b2\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u679c\u5b9f\u306e\u80a5\u5927\u304c\u9032\u3080\u9803\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u8fd1\u508d\u306e\u8449\u306e\u8449\u8108\u9593\u306b\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\u3092\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\u5404\u5730\u3067\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b9\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u8449\u67af\u308c\u75c7\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3057\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3067\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u306fMg\u6b20\u4e4f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3093\u306a\u4e2d\u3067\u5175\u5eab\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u6d25\u9ad812)<\/sup>\u306f\u8449\u67af\u308c\u75c7\u304cK\u6b20\u4e4f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u5831\u3058\u305f\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u77e5\u308b\u9650\u308a\u3067\u306fK\u6b20\u4e4f\u3068\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u5f8c\u306b\u3082\u5148\u306b\u3082\u3053\u308c\u304c\u552f\u4e00\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u3000\u7b46\u80054)<\/sup>\u3082\u81ea\u6839\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u751f\u7406\u969c\u5bb3\uff0c\u8910\u8272\u5c0f\u73ed\u8449\u304c0.19\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff0c\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\u72b6\u3092\u5448\u3057\u305f\u8449\u306eMg\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306f\u6b63\u5e38\u8449\u306e\u305d\u308c\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u4f4e\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\uff0c\u8449\u304b\u3089\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5f93\u6765\uff0c\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6210\u5206\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff13,10,13\uff09<\/sup>\uff0c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6210\u5206\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Difficulty of component transfer within the cucumber tree<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\u307e\u305a\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u990a\u5206\u9664\u53bb\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6c34\u8015\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u6210\u5206\u5909\u5316\uff0c\u3068\u304f\u306b\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4ed6\u306e\u6210\u5206\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5712\u8a66\u6a19\u6e96\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u3067\u80b2\u3064\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u3008\u4e3b\u679d22\u7bc0\uff0c\u5074\u679d\uff13\u7bc0\u3067\u6458\u5fc3\u3009\u306e\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u3092\u6c34\u9053\u6c34\u3078\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\uff0c\u7b2c\uff15\u7bc0\u306e\u8449\u3068\u6839\u306e\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\u4e26\u3073\u306b\u542b\u6709\u7387\u3092\u7d4c\u6642\u7684\u306b\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e7e\u7269\u542b\u6709\u7387\u304b\u3089\u307f\u305f\u6839\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u7387\u306f\u7a92\u7d20\u3068\u30ea\u30f3\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u6c34\u51e6\u7406\uff14\u65e5\u5f8c\u306761\uff05\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u3068\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u51e6\u7406\uff18\u65e5\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u6e1b\u5c11\u738774\uff05\uff0c82\uff05\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7a92\u7d20\uff0c\u30ea\u30f3\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\uff0c\u30ea\u30f3\u3068\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u7387\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u51e6\u7406\uff18\u65e5\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u5f53\u521d\u306e60\uff05\uff0c63\uff05\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u3068\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\uff0c\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f5)<\/sup>\u3002\u52ff\u8ad6\uff0c\u51e6\u7406\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306b\u5149\u5408\u6210\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\u306f\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6642\u306e\u4e7e\u7269\u7387\u304b\u3089\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u51e6\u7406\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u76f8\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304c\u56f3\uff13\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000In the roots, calcium did not change at all, and the rate of decrease was total N=K>P=Mg>Ca. On the other hand, in leaves, calcium and magnesium did not change at all, and the rate of decrease was P=K>total N>Mg=Ca. The fact that there was no change in magnesium, which is considered to move frequently, indicates that magnesium in cucumber leaves is a less mobile element than nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, at least in comparison to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, considering that the nutrient removal from the solution (tap water) was short, only 8 days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000(3) Magnesium sprayed on individual cucumber leaves does not move even on those leaves.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6b21\u306b\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u4e2d\u306e\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u3092\u6458\u5fc3\u3057\uff12\u672c\u4ed5\u7acb\u3066\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u7d0470\u339d\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u304b\u3089\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u3092\u9664\u304d\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\uff12\u65e5\u6bce\u306b\uff14\u56de\uff0c\uff12\u672c\u4ed5\u7acb\u3066\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u306b\uff11\uff05MgSO4<\/sub>\uff0cMg(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\uff0c\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306fMgCl2<\/sub>\u306e\u6eb6\u6db2\u3092\u6a39\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u6563\u5e03\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\uff0c\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u3082\u8449\u8108\u9593\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u6291\u5236\u3067\u304d\u305f\uff08\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\uff1a\u7121\u6563\u5e03\u306e\u6a39\u3067\u306f\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6563\u5e03\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u8449\u306e\u8868\u88cf\u3067\u5909\u308f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u6563\u5e03Mg\u306f\u30af\u30c1\u30af\u30e9\u304b\u3089\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306b\u5165\u308a\uff0c\u305d\u3053\u3067\u7a2e\u3005\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The sprayed leaves themselves remained green, but the leaves of the upper and lower nodes showed chlorosis (photo omitted). This indicates how difficult it is for the sprayed magnesium to move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\u66f4\u306b\uff0c\u500b\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bMg\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u96e3\u6613\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\u3092\u767a\u75c7\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e2d\u4f4d\u8449\uff11\u679a\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\uff0c\u5e95\u3092\u958b\u3051\u305f\u7d19\u30b3\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u8449\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u62bc\u3057\u5f53\u3066\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\uff11\uff05MgSO4<\/sub>\u6eb6\u6db2\u3092\uff11\u65e5\u304a\u304d\u306b\uff14\u56de\u6563\u5e03\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u56f3\uff14\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Sprayed areas remained green, while unsprayed areas exhibited typical intervein chlorosis. The Mg content in these sites is shown in Table 1.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u6563\u5e03\u90e8\u4f4dA-\uff11\uff0cB-\uff12\u306e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027Mg\u306f\uff0c\u7121\u6563\u5e03\u90e8\u4f4dA-\uff12\uff0cB-\uff11\u306e\u7d04\uff16\u500d\u3067\u6563\u5e03Mg\u304c\u8449\u306b\u6d78\u900f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\uff0c\u7121\u6563\u5e03\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u542b\u6709\u7387\u304c\u5bfe\u7167\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u5168\u8449\u7121\u6563\u5e03\u306e\u542b\u6709\u7387\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5024\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6563\u5e03Mg\u306f\u500b\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u90e8\u4f4d\u3068\u7121\u6563\u5e03\u90e8\u4f4d\u3067\u8449\u8272\u306b\u5dee\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u306e\u9aa8\u683c\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\uff0c\u3059\u306a\u308f\u306195\uff05\u30e1\u30bf\u30ce\u30fc\u30eb\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027Mg\u306b\u306f\u5dee\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306f\uff0c\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306f\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u306a\u307b\u3069\u5fae\u91cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) White and green ring leaves of cucumber are induced by ammonia-form nitrogen.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u63a5\u304e\u6728\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u3008\u53f0\u6728\u306f\u30ab\u30dc\u30c1\u30e3\u3009\u306e\u767d\u5909\u8449\u304c\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u534a\u304b\u3089\u9ad8\u77e5\uff0c\u5bae\u5d0e\u3067\u591a\u767a\u3057\u5341\u6570\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u305d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306e\u7a76\u660e\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5f53\u521d\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u306fMg\u6b20\u4e4f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5831\u544a\u304c\u591a\u304f\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u9ec4\u5316\uff08\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\uff09\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u767d\u8272\u58ca\u6b7b\uff08\u30cd\u30af\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0cMg\u6b20\u4e4f\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306f\u8449\u7e01\u304c\u7dd1\u8272\u306b\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u2019\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u8449\u2019\u3068\u79f0\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u6642\u306f\u4e00\u591c\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u8910\u5909\uff0c\u5149\u304c\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u3068\u767d\u5909\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8449\u306e\u767a\u751f\u8981\u56e0\u3092\uff0c\u9ad8\u77e5\u770c\u5712\u82b8\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u306e\u677e\u672c\u30898)<\/sup>\u306f\uff0c\u898b\u4e8b\u306b\u89e3\u660e\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308c\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000At that time, methyl bromide was used as a soil disinfectant in greenhouse cultivation. Oil cake, an organic fertilizer, was applied to the soil. The oil cake is converted to ammonia-form nitrogen by the action of microorganisms (ammonia-forming bacteria). Ammonia nitrogen is converted to nitrate nitrogen by nitrate-forming bacteria, and under low soil temperatures, the activity of the nitrate-forming bacteria is low (it is generally known that nitrate-forming bacteria are less sensitive to low temperatures than ammonia-forming bacteria), so the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increases. Furthermore, in soils treated with methyl bromide, the activity of nitrate-forming bacteria is weakened and the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen becomes more pronounced. Even if magnesium is present in the soil, its absorption is inhibited by antagonism when ammonia nitrogen is high. The greening of cucumber leaves is caused by an excess of ammonia nitrogen in the soil and inhibition of magnesium absorption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Nevertheless, the author still felt that it was necessary to reproduce the symptoms observed in farmers' greenhouses in order to prove the factors that induce white discoloration of cucumber leaves, so he repeated trial and error in hydroponic cultivation of self-rooted cucumber and grafted cucumber. As a result, we found that white discoloration and green ring leaves appeared on cucumbers on pumpkin rootstocks when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and magnesium in the nutrient solution were increased and decreased, respectively (Figure 5).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The technical term \"interveinal necroticleaves\" was first introduced in the revised Glossary of the Horticultural Society of Japan (2004), and green ring leaves were defined as a part of interveinal necroticleaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff15\uff09\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u7740\u679c\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u8449\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u3068Mg\u30fbK\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306e\u5909\u52d5\uff0d\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u518d\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u306b\uff0c\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306f\u53ce\u7a6b\u671f\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u304f\u3068\u679c\u5b9f\u8fd1\u508d\u306e\u8449\u306b\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u53ce\u7a6b\u671f\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53e4\u304f\u304b\u3089\u8a9e\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u75c7\u72b6\u306f\u8449\u304b\u3089\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u3082\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3067\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7fd2\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6c17\u304c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30fc\u30eb\u30b9\u30d5\u30a7\u30dc\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7740\u679c\u5f8c40\u65e5\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u8449\u8108\u9593\u304c\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u9ec4\u5316\u3057\u306f\u3058\u3081\uff0c50\u65e5\u9803\u306b\u306f\u6fc0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u8910\u5909\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u306f\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u8449\u304b\u3089\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u79fb\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u75c7\u72b6\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u679c\u5b9f\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3068\u8449\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u679c\u5b9f\u3092\u7740\u679c\u5f8c40\uff0c50\uff0c60\u65e5\u3067\u6458\u679c\u305770\u65e5\u5f8c\u306b\u5404\u682a\u304b\u3089\u679c\u5b9f\u7bc0\u8449\u3092\u63a1\u53d6\u3057\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f6)<\/sup>\u3002\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u7740\u679c\u679d\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u578b\u306f\uff0c\u56f3\uff16\u306e\u53f3\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u4e3b\u830e\u7b2c13\u7bc0\u304b\u3089\u4f38\u3073\u305f\u5074\u679d\u3008\u5b50\u8513\u3009\u306e\u7b2c\uff11\u7bc0\u306b\u96cc\u82b1\u304c\u7740\u304f\u3002\u8fd1\u508d\u306e\u8449\u3092A\uff0cB\uff0cC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5de6\u306b\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u72b6\u3068\u8272\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u4e0a\u6bb5\u306f\uff0c\u7740\u679c\u5f8c40\u65e5\u76ee\u306b\u679c\u5b9f\u3092\u9664\u53bb\u3057\u305f\u682a\uff0830\u65e5\u9593\u306f\u679c\u5b9f\u7121\u3057)\uff0c\u4e0b\u6bb5\u306f\u6700\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\uff0870\u65e5\u9593\uff09\u679c\u5b9f\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u682a\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8449\u8272\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000As can be seen from the photo, when the leaves are picked at 40 days, all the leaves remain green, but if not, the leaves are deformed, with chlorosis between the veins and necrosis at the leaf margins. The symptoms are more pronounced in the fruiting node leaves. The fruiting period was set as long as 70 days in order to clarify the relationship between the fruiting period and the presence or absence of fruit. The magnesium, calcium and potassium contents of these leaves are shown in Table 2.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u679c\u5b9f\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5024\u306f1.1\uff05\uff5e1.2\uff05\u53f0\u3067\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u82e5\u5e72\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u679c\u5b9f\u304c\u9577\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u307b\u3069\u8449\u3067\u306e\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\uff0c70\u65e5\u9593\u679c\u5b9f\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u305f\u682a\u306f40\u65e5\u76ee\u3067\u9664\u3044\u305f\u682a\u306e1\/2\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u897f\u6751\u30899)<\/sup>\u3082\u7740\u679c\u6642\u304b\u3089\u7d4c\u6642\u7684\u306b\u8449\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044Mg\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306f\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\uff0c\u3080\u3057\u308d\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u305f(\u56f3\uff17)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8449\u306f\u7740\u679c40\u65e5\u9803\u304b\u3089\u9ec4\u8272\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u5024\u3067\u3082\u77e5\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff18)\u3002\u4ea4\u914d15\u65e5\u76ee\u306b\u8449\u8272\u306f\u6700\u3082\u6fc3\u304f\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6025\u901f\u306b\u8584\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4f3a\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u5ca1\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u8d74\u4efb\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u852c\u83dc\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff08\u76ca\u7530\u5fe0\u96c4\u6559\u6388\uff09\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f53\u6642\uff15\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u5352\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\uff0c\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u6210\u5206\u5225\u306b\u753b\u3044\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304c\u56f3\uff19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000As we will see, magnesium and calcium levels tend to increase gradually with fruit size, while potassium levels clearly decrease. Although intervein chlorosis and leaf margin necrosis would have appeared at 50 to 60 days after crossing, the relationship between the phenomena appearing on leaves and the analytical values has not been discussed. Observation of leaves in the vicinity of fruit set shows that intervein chlorosis caused by Mg deficiency in melons gradually intensifies as the harvest period approaches, so the view that leaf magnesium is transferred to the fruit is reasonable in nature and not at all surprising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, there is no evidence to date that magnesium is transferred to fruits. The Encyclopedia of Agricultural Technology in the Rural Electronic Library (National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences) also states that magnesium is a mobile component that is transferred from leaves to fruits during fruit enlargement and ripening, and that deficiency symptoms may appear in the leaves around fruits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Vegetable nutrient physiology, especially nutrient deficiency, is often studied under two conditions: whether or not the same symptoms occur when one component is removed from the complete culture medium, and whether or not the same symptoms occur when other components are increased without removing the component. As shown in Figure 10, it is difficult to attribute leaf deficiency symptoms to a single component because of the interactive effects of ions on nutrient absorption in the roots.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u690d\u7269\u306e\u6839\u306f\uff0c\u30a2\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u7fa4\uff0c\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u7fa4\u304b\u3089\u990a\u5206\u3092\u9078\u629e\u7684\u306b\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u6728\u90e8\u6db2\u3067\u306e\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u7dcf\u91cf\u3008meq\u3009\u306f\uff0c\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3068\u30de\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3067\u91e3\u308a\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u571f\u4e2d\u306b\u306fNa\u207a\uff0cCl\u207b\uff0cHCO3<\/sub>\u207b\u306a\u3069\u3092\u542b\u3081\u591a\u7a2e\u306e\u5fae\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u4fa1\u304c\u4e8c\u4fa1\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5438\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u62ee\u6297\u4f5c\u7528\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08NH4<\/sub>\u207a\u306f\u7b46\u8005\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u7d4c\u9a13\u304b\u3089\u633f\u5165)\u3002\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u767d\u5909\u8449\u306f\u30ab\u30dc\u30c1\u30e3\u53f0\u6728\u3067\uff0c\u304b\u3064NH4<\/sub>-N\u904e\u5270\u4e0b\u306eMg\u6b20\u4e4f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u751f\u3058\uff0cMg\u6fc3\u5ea6 \u304c\u5c11\u3057\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u8449\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u767d\u5909\u8449\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u751f\u7406\u969c\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u4e00\u591c\u306b\u3057\u3066\u58ca\u6b7b\u75c7\u72b6\u3092\u5448\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a2\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u63a8\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u540c\u69d8\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u5c3b\u3050\u3055\u308c\u75c7\u306b\u3082\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u5c3b\u3050\u3055\u308c\u75c7\u304cCa\u6b20\u4e4f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0cNH4<\/sub>-N\u904e\u5270\u4e0b\u306eCa\u6b20\u4e4f\u3067\u306f\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u58ca\u75bd\uff08\u3048\u305d\uff09\u304c\u679c\u9802\u90e8\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3002\uff12\u56e0\u5b50\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u751f\u7406\u969c\u5bb3\uff0c\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u7740\u679c\u7bc0\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u8449\u3082\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u3068\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u518d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3068\u63a8\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u6210\u5206\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u306e\u518d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u305d\u306e\u30a8\u30d3\u30c7\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002Bukovac\u30891)<\/sup>\u306f\uff0c\u8449\u9762\u6563\u5e03\u3057\u305f28<\/sup>Mg\u306f45<\/sup>Ca\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3068\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b(\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027Mg\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u7121\u3057)\u3002\u672c\u7a3f\u306e\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u500b\u8449\u306e\u6563\u5e03\u5b9f\u9a13\u3068\u5206\u6790\u5024\u304b\u3089\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u96a3\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u306b\u3059\u3089\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7530\u91ce\u4e9511)<\/sup>\u306f\uff0c\u7dcf\u8aac\u300c\u690d\u7269\u306e\u30df\u30cd\u30e9\u30eb\u8f38\u9001\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u524d\u7dda\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0cMg\uff12\uff0b<\/sup>\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\uff08MGT\uff09\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30df\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u30b7\u30ed\u30a4\u30cc\u30ca\u30ba\u30ca\uff0c\u30a4\u30cd\u3067\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\uff19\u500b\uff0c\u30c8\u30a6\u30e2\u30ed\u30b3\u30b7\u306712\u500b\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u6a5f\u69cb\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bMGT\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u304c\u6563\u5e03\u3057\u305f\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5897\u5927\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\uff0c\u3082\u3068\u3082\u3068\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bMGT\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u5fae\u5f31\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\u305d\u306e\u90e8\u4f4d\u306b\u6b62\u307e\u308a\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3082\u5f53\u7136\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3002\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u679c\u5b9f\u8fd1\u508d\u306e\u8449\u306e\u8449\u8108\u9593\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30b7\u30b9\u306f\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u8449\u7dd1\u4f53\u3067\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u679c\u5b9f\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3082MGT\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3082\u77e5\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u306b\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u8449\u3067\u306f\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u7d04\u534a\u5206\u304c\u8449\u7dd1\u4f53\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u8449\u7dd1\u7d20\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u518d\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u305d\u306e\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306a\u91cf\u3092\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3068\u306f\u3044\u3048\uff0c\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u5d29\u58ca\u306b\u3088\u308a\u751f\u3058\u305f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u518d\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\u3069\u3046\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3082\u7121\u7406\u304c\u3042\u308b\u300228<\/sup>Mg\u306e\u534a\u6e1b\u671f\u304c\u7d0420\u6642\u9593\u3068\u77ed\u3044\u305f\u3081\u5b9f\u9a13\u4e0a\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u6cd5\u306f\u52d5\u614b\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u624b\u6cd5\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Finally, one more question: why does chlorosis occur on the leaves near the fruit as it nears harvest time? If there is no fruit, it would not occur. At this time, some signal must be sent from the fruit to the leaves. What does this signal mean for the melon?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\uff11\uff0eBukovac,M.J. and S.H.Wittwer. 1957\uff0eAbsorption and mobility of foliar applied nutrients.
\u3000\u3000Plant Physio. 32\uff1a428\uff0d435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff12\uff0e\u85e4\u672c\u9806\u5b50\uff0e2008\uff0e\u5712\u82b8\u4f5c\u7269\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6804\u990a\u969c\u5bb3\u8a3a\u65ad\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3068\u9632\u6b62\u5bfe\u7b56\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\uff0e\u5cf6\u6839\u8fb2\u6280\u7814\u5831. 8\uff1a1\uff0d45\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff13\uff0eJacob,A. 1958\uff0eMagnesium: The fifth majorplant nutrient. 34-54\uff0eStaples Printers Limited\uff0cKingdom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff14\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\uff0e1984\uff0e\u63a5\u304e\u6728\u30fb\u81ea\u6839\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u9ad8K\u57f9\u5730\u3068\u9ad8NH4-N\u57f9\u5730\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308bMg\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\u306e\u5dee\u7570\uff0e\u8fb2\u696d\u53ca\u5712\u82b859\uff1a1051\uff0d1053\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff15\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\uff0e1989\uff0e\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u8449\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\u3068\u79fb\u52d5\u306e\u96e3\u6613\uff0e\u5ca1\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u8fb2\u5b66\u583174\uff1a7\uff0d14\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff16\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\u30fb\u91d1\u6ca2\u5b5d\u7f8e\uff0e1993\uff0e\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u7740\u679c\u7bc0\u8449\u306e\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u542b\u6709\u7387\u3068\u990a\u5206\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\uff0e\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56db\u652f\u90e8\u5927\u4f1a\u8981\u65e8\u96c632\uff1a31p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff17\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\u30fb\u5bfa\u6797 \u654f\uff0e2003\uff0e\u751f\u7523\u6280\u8853. \u56f3\u8aac\u91ce\u83dc\u65b0\u66f8\uff0e\u77e2\u6fa4 \u9032(\u7de8)\uff0e97\uff0d151\uff0e\u671d\u5009\u66f8\u5e97\uff0e\u6771\u4eac\uff0e\u3008131p\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3009\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff18\uff0e\u677e\u672c\u6e80\u592b\u30fb\u4e0a\u6749\u90c1\u592b\u30fb\u67f3\u4e95\u5229\u592b\uff1a1981\uff0e\u65bd\u8a2d\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u63a5\u304e\u6728\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306eMg\u6b20\u4e4f\u75c7\uff08\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u75c7)\uff0eI.MB\u5264\u306b\u3088\u308b\u785d\u5316\u6291\u5236\u304c\u990a\u5206\u5438\u53ce\u3068\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u75c7\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e\u9ad8\u77e5\u8fb2\u6797\u5831\uff0e13\uff1a1\uff0d10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff19\uff0e\u897f\u6751\u5b89\u4ee3\u30fb\u798f\u5143\u5eb7\u6587\u30fb\u5cf6\u5d0e\u4e00\u5f66\uff0e2004\uff0e\u30a2\u30fc\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\uff08Cucumis melo L.\uff09\u306e\u8449\u5185\u7121\u6a5f\u6210\u5206\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u7740\u679c\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e\u751f\u7269\u74b0\u5883\u8abf\u7bc0\uff0c42\uff1a137\uff0d146\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10\uff0e\u5d8b\u7530\u5178\u53f8\uff0e1976\uff0e\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u751f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff0e\u571f\u58cc\u80a5\u6599\u4f5c\u7269\u6804\u990a\u5927\u8f9e\u5178\uff08\u7b2c\uff13\u7248)\uff0e102\uff0d105\uff0e\u990a\u8ce2\u5802\uff0e\u6771\u4eac\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. tanoi, Keitaro. 2021. transport mechanism of magnesium. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizers. 92: 108-113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Tsutaka, T. 1982; Causes and control of leaf blight disease of Prince melon. Agriculture and Horticulture 57: 1162-1166.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Yamazaki, D. 1975. trace elements and multielements . 175-183. Hakuyusha. Tokyo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - No. 21
\u300c\u571f\u306f\u751f\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u306a\u305c\uff1f
\uff0d\u571f\u306f\u751f\u304d\u7269\u306a\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u524d \u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In this issue, we turn our attention to the soil itself. It is the soil that stably supports agriculture. The soil is the place where food that protects our lives is produced, and at the same time, it nurtures the lives of various living creatures. For this reason, it is often said that \"the soil is alive\" in awe of it. Why is this so?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Is soil a living thing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000When asked again whether soil is really \"alive,\" that is, whether it is a living thing, not many people would say that soil is a living thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Living organisms in the general concept are multicellular organisms. To be a multicellular organism, it must satisfy the following three requirements: (1) differentiation and growth, (2) reproduction and heredity, and (3) autonomy in response to environmental changes (Okajima, 1989). However, no one would think that soil has parents who grow up, raise their children, and die by inheriting their genetic elements. Soil is alive\" is merely a metaphorical expression of soil. We should be careful not to confuse soil with living beings out of respect for it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000But even if it is a parable, the expression \"the soil is alive\" does not fail to capture our hearts. Why is that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. soil has properties similar to the autonomy of living things<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Soil has a property that gives a sense of the autonomy that living things have over their environment, i.e., the ability to maintain their own state of health in the face of external stimuli. This is the buffering power of soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Let's take a look at the buffering capacity of soil specifically. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are dropped onto the soil as an acidic substance and an alkaline substance, respectively. This means that the soil is stimulated from the outside. As shown in Figure 1, in the case of pure water (H\u2082O), the pH changes greatly to the acidic side and to the alkaline side with only a small amount of drop.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u571fA\u3068\u571fB\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\uff0c\u7d14\u6c34\u3088\u308a\u5909\u5316\u306e\u5e45\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u571f\u306f\u7d14\u6c34\u3088\u308a\u7de9\u885d\u529b\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u571fA\u306f\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u591a\u3044\u571fB\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5909\u5316\u306e\u5e45\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u7de9\u885d\u529b\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3002\u571f\u306e\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306f\uff0c\u9178\u6027\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6c34\u7d20\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\uff08H\u207a\uff09\u3084\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u6027\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6c34\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\uff08OH\u207b\uff09\u3092\u9759\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3064\uff08\u571f\u306e\u9759\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u4fdd\u6301\u80fd\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u6628\u5e74\u306e\uff12\u6708\u53f7\u306e\u7b2c\uff19\u56de\u3092\u53c2\u7167)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u304d\u3092\u6291\u3048\uff0c\u5916\u754c\u304b\u3089\u306e\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u3084\u308f\u3089\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u571fB\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u571fA\u3088\u308a\u3082\u7de9\u885d\u529b\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u542b\u91cf\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u571f\u304c\u6301\u3064\u7de9\u885d\u529b\u306f\uff0c\u751f\u304d\u7269\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u3068\u3088\u304f\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, the buffering capacity of the soil is not the only reason why the soil is said to be \"alive. The activities of living creatures living in the soil are often invisible to our eyes, and appear to us as if they were performed by the soil itself. This is another major factor that makes us feel that the soil is alive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. proof of life of living creatures - soil respiration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The fact that compost fed to the soil becomes nutrients for crops, and that leaves that fall on the soil in the fall and kitchen scraps disappear eventually if they are buried in the soil, are all the result of decomposition of organic matter by soil organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000When soil organisms decompose organic matter such as compost, fallen leaves, and garbage, carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) is released as one of the decomposition products. This is called \"soil respiration\" because it resembles animal respiration. It is as if the soil is breathing. However, this is only a proof of the activities of living creatures living in the soil, not that the soil itself is breathing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. organic matter decomposition is a cooperative play among soil organisms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Using the fallen leaves mentioned above as an example, let us take a look at the beautiful interplay between soil organisms as they decompose organic matter (Fig. 2).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Fallen leaves (plant remains) on the soil surface do not change significantly when they remain dry. However, once they are wetted by rain, bacteria (bacteria) and fungi (filamentous fungi) attach to them and soften the plant remains to some extent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Then, large soil animals such as earthworms, borers, and sowbugs appear and feed on the plant remains, pulverizing them and dragging them and their remains into the soil. Medium-sized soil animals, such as mites and stoneflies, then take charge, feeding on the dragged organic matter and taking nutrients into their bodies, and excreting the unwanted material as feces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Bacteria and fungi feed on the excreted feces and the remains of plants that have been dragged into the soil, eventually transforming them into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic substances. The inorganic matter produced by this process is absorbed by the roots as nutrients for the plants growing there. Thus, a cycle of nutrients is established. Of course, the same mechanism applies to animal remains as it does to plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The various material changes that occur in the soil include changes involving soil organisms. Therefore, when we talk about material changes in the soil, if we blur the distinction between the function of the soil and the function of living creatures in the soil, we confuse the two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. distinguish between the workings of the soil and the workings of living things.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The expression \"the action of the soil\" does not mean that the soil has a \"will (purposiveness)\" like a living creature and that the soil itself actively works by its own will. The expression \"the soil supplies nutrients to the crop\" is also inappropriate, because the soil itself does not intentionally supply nutrients to the crop. When the crop selects and absorbs the nutrients it needs, such as cations, from among the various nutrient ions dissolved in the water (soil solution) in the soil, the balance of the electro-neutral principle (equal charge of cations and anions) is upset. Various reactions take place in the soil to restore the imbalance, and cations are released into the soil solution to maintain the electroneutrality principle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000This is the phenomenon described as \"the soil supplying nutrients to the crop. This reaction is also governed by a certain principle (in this case, the principle of electro-neutrality in solution), and there is no room for the free will of the creature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000I would like to understand the true meaning of the parable \"the soil is alive\" after distinguishing the function of the soil and the creatures in the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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