{"id":3660,"date":"2024-10-14T00:45:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T15:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3660"},"modified":"2026-07-07T14:50:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T05:50:07","slug":"%e7%ac%ac753%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802023-r05-8%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c753\u53f7\u30002023-r05-8\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c753\u53f7\u30002023(R05).08-09\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u6c34\u7a32\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u64ad\u7a2e\u3068\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u683d\u57f9\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u7701\u529b\u6280\u8853
Kumamoto Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Production Environment Research Institute
Soil Environment Laboratory
\u7530\u4e2d\u3000\u4e00\u6210<\/a>
\u00a7\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u300c\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u300d\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7701\u529b\u7684\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5
Fukuoka Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Chikugo Branch
\u9f8d\u3000\u52dd\u5229<\/a>
\u00a7\u571f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3057\uff0d\u7b2c24\u56de\u571f\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u7523\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/a>
\uff0d\u98a8\u5316\u3068\u751f\u7269\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u5ca9\u77f3\u304b\u3089\u571f\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b
\u524d \u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

High-density seeding in paddy rice and
\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u683d\u57f9\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u7701\u529b\u6280\u8853<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kumamoto Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Production Environment Research Institute
Soil Environment Laboratory
\u3000\u7530\u4e2d\u3000\u4e00\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Rice cultivation in Kumamoto Prefecture is no exception to the recent severe situation, with stagnant rice prices and a growing shortage of rice farmers. One of the agricultural policies to solve these problems is the development and practical application of technology that contributes to the consolidation of farmland through the expansion of management scale and the accompanying reduction of production costs and labor hours, which is expected to lead to improved rice farming management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Currently, high-density seeding technology and whole seedling box fertilization technology are attracting attention as low-cost and labor-saving cultivation technologies for paddy rice that have been put into practical use. The former is a technology that significantly reduces the number of seedling boxes required by increasing the amount of seeding per seedling box and removing a small amount of fertilizer. The latter is a fertilization method in which the amount of nitrogen necessary for growth is applied in the seedling box at the time of sowing, and the fertilizer is held by the paddy rice seedlings before transplanting. Both of these techniques have already been adopted as low-cost and labor-saving cultivation techniques for paddy rice by some large-scale farmers in the prefecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000This paper describes the results of research conducted to clarify the effects of the combination of high-density seeding and whole seedling box fertilization on seedling quality, growth, and yield of paddy rice, with the aim of further reducing costs and saving labor by combining these two technologies, which have been separately practiced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Testing Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Seedling quality test<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6a5f\u68b0\u79fb\u690d\u3092\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u3057\u305f\u80b2\u82d7\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\uff0c\u718a\u672c\u770c\u306e\u666e\u901a\u671f\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u79fb\u690d\u6642\u671f\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff16\u6708\u4e2d\u4e0b\u65ec\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u80b2\u82d7\u65b9\u5f0f\u306f\u6163\u884c\u80b2\u82d7\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff09\u3068\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u64ad\u7a2e\u3068\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff09\u306e\uff12\u6c34\u6e96\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u6c34\u7a32\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u2018\u30d2\u30ce\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u02bc\u3067\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\u306f2020\u5e74\u304b\u30892021\u5e74\u306e\uff12\u30f5\u5e74\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u64ad\u7a2e\u91cf\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a100g\uff08\u4e7e\u7c7e\u63db\u7b97)\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a250g\uff08\u4e7e\u7c7e\u63db\u7b97\uff09\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6df1\u305530mm\u306e\u4e2d\u82d7\u7528\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\u6df1\u305540mm\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\uff08\u4e09\u7532\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u88fd\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\uff0c\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a2,250g\u306e\u300c\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\u00ae\uff2e400\uff0d120\u300d\u3092\u7bb1\u5e95\u306b\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u3002\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306e\u6f45\u6c34\u6cd5\u306f\u4e0a\u9762\u6f45\u6c34\u306b\u3088\u308b\u624b\u6f45\u6c34\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\u5171\u901a\u4e8b\u9805\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u7528\u57f9\u571f\u306f\u5e02\u8ca9\u306e\u4eba\u5de5\u9020\u7c92\u571f\uff08\u83f1\u6771\u80a5\u6599\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u88fd\u3072\u306e\u304f\u306b\u57f9\u571f\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002
Seedling height, stem, leaf and root dry matter weights, seedling weight per box, and root mat strength were examined immediately prior to transplanting in both locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Measurement of seedling weight per box at sowing and transplanting<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The weight of seedlings (including the weight of the seedling box) per box at sowing was measured after filling the seedling box with bedding soil or seedling box material, irrigating, sowing, covering with soil, irrigating again, and allowing the seedlings to rest until gravity water had sufficiently drained out. The weight of seedlings per box at the time of transplanting was measured after irrigating the seedlings before measuring the weight and allowing the seedlings to rest until the gravity water had completely drained out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Seedling root mat strength survey method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The center of the seedling was cut at right angles to the cross section (28 cm) with a width of 10 cm, and clips (at least 10 cm wide) were fixed to both short sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The standard root mat strength that does not interfere with machine transplanting operations is 1.8 N\/cm or higher in a normal seedling box with a depth of 30 mm, but this strength varies depending on the weight of the seedlings. However, this strength varies depending on the weight of the seedlings. Since a seedling box with a depth of 40 mm is used here, the weight of the seedlings is heavier, and the root mat strength is considered to be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether the root mat has sufficient strength when transferring seedlings grown in a 40 mm-deep seedling box to the seedling bed of a rice transplanter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u5f37\u5ea6(\uff2e\/cm)\uff1d\u80b2\u82d7\u5f8c\u306e\u82d7\u91cd\u91cf(kg)\u00f7\u82d7\u6a2a\u65ad\u9762\u306e\u9577\u3055(28cm)\u00d7\u529b\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8(9.8m\/s\u00b2)\u306e\u3000\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u7247\u624b\u3067\u6301\u3063\u305f\u969b\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u82d7\u5e45\uff11cm\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306b\u639b\u304b\u308b\u82d7\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u5f37\u5ea6\u3092\u6c42\u3081\uff0c\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u5024\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Cultivation test<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Cultivation trials were conducted to determine the effects of the technology combining high-density seeding and full seedling box fertilization on the growth and yield of paddy rice in the rice paddies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8868\uff11\u306b\u6240\u5185\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u306f\uff0c\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a250g\uff08\u4e7e\u7c7e\u63db\u7b97\uff09\u306e\u64ad\u7a2e\u91cf\u3067\uff0c2,250g\u306e\u300c\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\u00ae\uff2e400\uff0d120\u300d\u3092\u7bb1\u5e95\u306b\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a100g\uff08\u4e7e\u7c7e\u63db\u7b97)\u306e\u64ad\u7a2e\u91cf\u3067\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e\uff12\u6c34\u6e96\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u3002\u524d\u8005\u3067\u306f\u672c\u7530\u3078\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u306f\u305b\u305a\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u79fb\u690d\u3057\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u3067\u306fLP\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u5165\u308a\u8907\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3061\u4e2d\u82d7\u3067\u79fb\u690d\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u82d7\u7bb1\u6570\u3092\uff18\u679a\u3068\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u30667.2kg\/10a\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff18kg\/10a\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u73fe\u5730\u3067\u306e\u9069\u7528\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5834\u5185\u8a66\u9a13\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u6240\u306f\u8fb2\u4e8b\u7d44\u5408\u6cd5\u4eba\u591a\u826f\u6728\u306e\u3073\u308b\uff08\u718a\u672c\u770c\u7403\u78e8\u90e1\u591a\u826f\u6728\u753a\uff09\u306e\u6c34\u7530\u3067\uff0c\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u2018\u30d2\u30ce\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u2019\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u64ad\u7a2e\u306f2021\u5e74\uff15\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u306f\uff16\u670810\u65e5\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306f\uff0c\u64ad\u7a2e\u91cf\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a300g\uff08\u6e7f\u7c7e\uff09\u3067\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a2,025g\u306e\u300c\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\u00ae\uff2e400\uff0d120\u300d\u3092\u7bb1\u5e95\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u3066\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306f\u64ad\u7a2e\u91cf\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a100g\uff08\u4e7e\u7c7e\u63db\u7b97\uff09\u3067\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u65bd\u80a5\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7a92\u7d20\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u304c8.1kg\/10a,\u6163\u884c\u533a\u304c\uff19kg\/10a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results and Discussion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) In-situ testing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Seedling length and fullness<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Seedlings were grown for 17 days in the high-density box-fertilized area and for 28 days in the conventional area, and seedlings with no problems in terms of appearance were successfully grown (Photo 1). The most important factors in determining whether paddy rice seedlings are suitable for transplanting by machine are seedling length and rootmat strength.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The seedling height range of 10 to 25 cm is considered suitable for machine transplanting, considering that the transplanter can transplant without difficulty and the transplanted seedlings are not submerged in water. As shown in Figure 1, seedling height in the high seeding box fertilized area was lower than that in the conventional area in both years, but seedling height in the high seeding box fertilized area was in the range of 13 to 19 cm, which was sufficient for machine transplanting.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u82d7\u306e\u5145\u5b9f\u5ea6\uff08\u830e\u8449\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\/\u82d7\u4e08\uff09\u306f\uff0c\uff12\u30f5\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u304c\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3000\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u80b2\u82d7\u65e5\u6570\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u308210\u65e5\u307b\u3069\u77ed\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3068\u63a8\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Seedling weight per box and root mat strength<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\uff11\u7bb1\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u82d7\u91cd\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306f\u64ad\u7a2e\u6642\u3067\u7d04\uff11kg\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u6642\u3067\u306f\u7d04\uff12kg\u91cd\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff13)\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u304c\u6163\u884c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6df1\u304f\uff0c\u5145\u586b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e8a\u571f\u91cf\u3084\u6c34\u5206\u4fdd\u6301\u91cf\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The strength of the root mats was sufficient for the conventional area, but less than the required strength for the area with the high density seedling box fertilizer (Figure 4). In fact, in the conventional area, it was possible to hold a seedling removed from the seedling box with one hand, but in the high-density seedling box fertilization area, it was not possible to hold the seedling even with both hands. This may be because the root mat was not strong enough to withstand the weight of the seedlings themselves due to the increased overall weight of the seedlings in the high-density seedling box fertilization area, where 40 mm-deep seedling boxes were used. However, it was confirmed that the seedlings could be moved to the rice transplanter by using the seedling pick-up board, and there was no problem in transplanting work in the rice field.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(3) Growth and yield in the main field<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In the 2021 trial, grass height was similar and the number of stems was slightly higher in the conventional treatment than in the high-density seedling box fertilization treatment. Culm length, ear length, and ear number at maturity were similar in both years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Yield (milled brown rice weight) was higher in the high-density seedling box-fertilized area than in the conventional area in both years. In terms of appearance quality (inspection grade), the high-density seedling box fertilizer application area showed superior quality compared to the conventional area in both years (Table 2).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) On-site testing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u73fe\u5730\uff08\u591a\u826f\u6728\u753a\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u3052\u3064\u671f\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e\u8349\u4e08\u304c\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7a42\u63c3\u3044\u671f\u9803\u306e\u7acb\u6bdb\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u8449\u8272\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6fc3\u3044\u7dd1\u8272\u3092\u5448\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff08\u5199\u771f\uff12)\u3002\u6210\u719f\u671f\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7a42\u9577\u306f\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u304c\u9577\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u53ce\u91cf\uff08\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\uff09\u306f\u9ad8\u5bc6\u64ad\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u5916\u89b3\u54c1\u8cea\uff08\u691c\u67fb\u7b49\u7d1a\uff09\u306b\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Summary<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000As described above, using seedling boxes with a depth of 40 mm and combining high-density seeding with total fertilizer application to the seedling boxes (box-bottom fertilization), it was possible to produce seedlings of good quality that would not interfere with transplanting operations. This reduced the number of seedling boxes used per 10a to eight, eliminating the need to apply fertilizer to the rice paddies and suggesting that labor-saving cultivation is possible with a 10% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer compared to the conventional fertilizer application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The following points should be kept in mind when utilizing the labor-saving technology combining high-density sowing and whole seedling box fertilization introduced in this paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) It is necessary to confirm that the sowing machine is adaptable to seedling boxes 40 mm deeper than normal.
\u2461\u6c34\u7a32\u6839\u3078\u306e\u6c34\u3068\u9178\u7d20\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u3092\u826f\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u6cd5\u306f\u7551\u80b2\u82d7\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u80b2\u82d7\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5e8a\u571f\u91cf\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u4e7e\u71e5\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u82d7\u304c\u840e\u308c\u306a\u3044\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\uff11\u65e5\u306e\u6f45\u6c34\u56de\u6570\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002
\u2462\u82d7\u306e\u5145\u5b9f\u5ea6\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u51fa\u82bd\u5f8c\u306e\u88ab\u8986\u30b7\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u82d7\u4e081cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u306a\u3069\uff0c\u5145\u5b9f\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u80b2\u82d7\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u9075\u5b88\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\uff0c\u521d\u3081\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u4e88\u3081\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u8a66\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3002
\u2463\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u683d\u57f9\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u91cd\u91cf\u304c\u91cd\u3044\u305f\u3081\u5341\u5206\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u5f37\u5ea6\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u304c\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u82d7\u53d6\u677f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308c\u3070\u79fb\u690d\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\u652f\u969c\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5b9f\u65bd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002
\u2464\u79fb\u690d\u306b\u969b\u3057\u3066\u306f\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u64ad\u7a2e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u7530\u690d\u6a5f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\uff0c\u9762\u7a4d\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u7bb1\u6570\u304c\u672c\u7530\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u6a2a\u9001\u308a\u56de\u6570\u3068\u304b\u304d\u53d6\u308a\u91cf\uff08\u9ad8\u3055\uff09\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9762\u7a4d\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u4f7f\u7528\u7bb1\u6570\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a2d\u5b9a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Labor-saving fertilization method for strawberry \"Amao\" in seedling stage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fukuoka Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Chikugo Branch
\u9f8d\u3000\u52dd\u5229<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3067\u80b2\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\uff62\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\uff63(\u54c1\u7a2e\u540d\u300c\u798f\u5ca1\uff33\uff16\u53f7\uff63\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u5185\u306e\u307f\u3067\u751f\u7523\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4ed8\u9762\u7a4d\u306f\u7d04300ha\uff082022\u5e74\uff09\u3067\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5171\u8ca9\u306e100\uff05\u304c\u300c\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u300d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\uff62\u3042\u304b\u3044\uff0c\u307e\u308b\u3044\uff0c\u304a\u304a\u304d\u3044\uff0c\u3046\u307e\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u306e\u7531\u6765\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u8d64\u304f\u8276\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u7518\u307f\u3068\u9178\u5473\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u306e\u304c\u7279\u9577\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u306e\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u30d7\u30ed\u306e\u6599\u7406\u4eba\u306b\u3082\u7d76\u5927\u306a\u4eba\u6c17\u3092\u535a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u751f\u7523\u30fb\u4f9b\u7d66\u304c\u5e02\u5834\u304b\u3089\u5f37\u304f\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Compared to other fruits and vegetables, strawberries require more seedlings to be planted and more labor for seedling production due to their nutritional reproduction. In addition, it is necessary to control the growth and flowering of seedlings during the seedling growth period through fertilizer management. Specifically, it is necessary to supply sufficient nitrogen for growth during the first half of the seedling training period, while in the second half of the seedling growth period after late August, nitrogen supply should be stopped to promote flower bud differentiation and reduce the nitrogen concentration in the body of the seedlings (Uematsu, 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\uff62\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u300d\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u91cf\u3092\u7d0470mg\u542b\u3080\u56fa\u5f62\u80a5\u6599\u3092\uff13\u56de\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6db2\u80a5\u3067\u88dc\u3046\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u90e8\u7d4c\u55b6\u6280\u8853\u652f\u63f4\u8ab2\uff0c2020)\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u6642\u306e\u8ffd\u80a5\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\uff17\u6708\u304b\u3089\uff18\u6708\u306e\u9ad8\u6e29\u671f\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\uff0c10a\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u7d048,000\u682a\u306e\u82d7\u306b\u8907\u6570\u56de\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u751f\u7523\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u91cd\u52b4\u50cd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u7701\u529b\u5316\u304c\u671b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In order to reduce the labor-intensive burden of fertilizer application, we investigated a system in which all fertilizer is applied at once using a slow-release coated fertilizer with adjustable leaching rate and duration of fertilizer components. Here, we introduce the outline of the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Fertilization method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000A two-year trial was conducted in 2019 and 2020 comparing a single application of slow-release coated fertilizer (hereafter referred to as \"total fertilizer\") and four applications of solid fertilizer (hereafter referred to as \"conventional\").<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u306e\u8a98\u5c0e\u671f\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff18\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u304b\u3089\uff19\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa\u7387\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\uff0c\u88ab\u8986\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\uff0c\u30ea\u30cb\u30a2\u578b\u306e\u88ab\u8986\u71d0\u785d\u5b89\u52a0\u91cc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb391\uff0d70\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\uff08\uff2e\uff1aP\u2082O\u2085\uff1aK\u2082O=13\uff1a9\uff1a11\uff05\uff0c\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea(\u682a)\uff09\u3092\u9078\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u9262\u7269\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u5668\uff08\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u304f\u3093\uff0c(\u682a)\u30de\u30c4\u30e2\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u306f2019\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff16\u670824\u65e5\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff16\u670825\u65e5\u306b\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u306f\uff12g\/\u9262\uff08\u7a92\u7d20\u91cf260mg\/\u9262\uff09\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0cIB\u5316\u6210\uff33\uff11\u53f7\uff08\uff2e\uff1aP\u2082O\u2085\uff1aK\u2082O=10\uff1a10\uff1a10\uff05\uff0c\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea(\u682a)\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u306f2019\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff16\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\uff17\u6708\uff18\u65e5\uff0c\uff17\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\uff18\u6708\uff15\u65e5\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff16\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\uff17\u6708\uff18\u65e5\uff0c\uff17\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\uff18\u6708\uff15\u65e5\u306b\u884c\u3044\uff0c\uff11\u56de\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u3092\uff11\u7c92\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u5408\u8a08\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u306f\u7d042.8g\/\u9262\uff08\u7a92\u7d20\u91cf280mg\/\u9262\uff09\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Seedling raising method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u63a1\u82d7\u306f\u9262\u53d7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u57f9\u571f\u306f\u30e4\u30b7\u30ac\u30e9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c8\u3084\u304f\u3093\u70ad\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3044\u3061\u3054\u5c02\u7528\u57f9\u571f\uff12\u53f7\uff08\uff2e\uff1aP\u2082O\u2085\uff1aK\u2082O=100\uff1a400\uff1a50mg\/L\uff0c\u6e05\u65b0\u7523\u696d(\u682a)\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\uff0c\u76f4\u5f84\uff19cm\u306e\u9ed2\u8272\u30dd\u30ea\u30dd\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u7d04300mL\u306e\u57f9\u571f\u3092\u5145\u586b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u82d7\u306f\u96e8\u9664\u3051\u88ab\u8986\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e21\u533a\u3068\u3082\u80b2\u82d7\u4e2d\u306b\u6db2\u80a5\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u306f\u884c\u308f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u306e\u304b\u3093\u6c34\u306f\uff0c\u5929\u5019\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\uff11\uff5e\uff13\u56de\/\u65e5\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u306e\u6458\u8449\u306f\uff17\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u304b\u3089\uff12\u9031\u9593\u6bce\u306b\u6b8b\u8449\u6570\u304c3.0\uff5e3.5\u679a\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Cultivation method after seedling planting<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u306f\u5358\u68df\u30d3\u30cb\u30eb\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\uff08\u9593\u53e3\uff16\uff4d\uff0c\u5965\u884c\u304d20\uff4d\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u683d\u690d\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u755d\u5e45120cm\uff0c\u6761\u959350cm\uff0c\u682a\u959325cm\u3068\u3057\uff0c\uff12\u6761\u5185\u306a\u308a\u306e\u571f\u8015\u683d\u57f9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5b9a\u690d\u306f2019\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff19\u670824\u65e5\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff19\u670823\u65e5\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u57fa\u80a5\u306f\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u304a\u3088\u3073\u88ab\u8986\u7a92\u7d20\u3092\u914d\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u5c02\u7528\u80a5\u6599\uff08\uff2e\uff1aP\u2082O\u2085\uff1aK\u2082O=8\uff1a6\uff1a3\uff05\uff0c\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u7523\u80a5(\u682a)\uff09\u3092\u7a92\u7d20\u91cf\u306710kg\/10a\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8ffd\u80a5\u306f10\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u5c02\u7528\u80a5\u6599\u3068\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0413\uff0d140\uff08\uff2e\uff1aP\u2082O\u2085\uff1aK\u2082O=14\uff1a11\uff1a13\uff05\uff0c\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea(\u682a)\uff09\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7a92\u7d20\u91cf\u3067\uff15kg\/10a\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u88ab\u8986\u306f2019\u5e74\u3067\u306f10\u670818\u65e5\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3067\u306f10\u670826\u65e5\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5929\u4e95\u30d3\u30cb\u30eb\u88ab\u8986\u306f\uff0c\uff12\u30ab\u5e74\u3068\u308210\u670829\u65e5\u306b\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u591c\u9593\u6700\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\uff15\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6e29\u98a8\u6696\u623f\u6a5f\u3067\u52a0\u6e29\u3057\u305f\u3002\u96fb\u7167\u306f\u6697\u671f\u4e2d\u65ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\uff0c2019\u5e74\u3067\u306f11\u670815\u65e5\u304b\u3089\uff12\u670828\u65e5\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3067\u306f11\u670815\u65e5\u304b\u3089\uff12\u670818\u65e5\u306b\uff0c\u8349\u52e2\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\uff12\uff5e4.5\u6642\u9593\u70b9\u706f\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Nitrate nitrogen content in the medium<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u57f9\u571f\u4e2d\u306e\u785d\u9178\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u56f3\uff13\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff12\u30ab\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u57f9\u571f\u4e2d\u306e\u785d\u9178\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\uff0c\uff17\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u306b13\uff5e25mg\/100g\u4e7e\u571f\u591a\u3044\u304c\uff0c\uff18\u6708\u4e0a\u4e2d\u65ec\u306b\uff11\uff5e\uff13mg\/100g\u4e7e\u571f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\uff0c\uff18\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u306f\u5dee\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\uff0c\uff13mg\/100g\u4e7e\u571f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Nitrate ion concentration in petioles and flower bud differentiation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Figure 4 shows the trends of nitrate ion concentrations in petioles during the seedling growth period. Nitrate ion concentrations in petioles in the total fertilizer-applied area were higher than those in the conventional area, exceeding 1,000 ppm in mid-July, and were generally 40 to 50 ppm from mid-August onward, remaining at the same level or lower than those in the conventional area. The flower bud differentiation index in the total fertilizer-applied area did not differ from that in the conventional area in both years (data omitted).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(3) Growth during seedling stage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u5f84\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u56f3\uff15\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u5f84\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\uff0c2019\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff17\u670819\u65e5\u306b\u592a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30022020\u5e74\u306f\uff18\u670817\u65e5\u306b\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u592a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6642\u671f\u306b\u306f\u5dee\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u5f84\u306b\u5dee\u304c\u751f\u3058\u305f\u6642\u671f\u306b\uff12\u30ab\u5e74\u3067\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u50be\u5411\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u671f\u306e\uff19\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u306f\u4e21\u533a\u3068\u308210mm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u7b2c\uff13\u8449\u306e\u8449\u67c4\u9577\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8449\u5e45\u306f\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u671f\u306e\uff19\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u306f\u4e21\u533a\u3068\u3082\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\uff16\uff5e\uff17cm\u304a\u3088\u3073\uff15cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u9593\u306b\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f(\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u7565)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(4) Effect on fruit yield and flower cluster<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Product yields at different times of the year are shown in Table 1. There were no differences in the commercial fruit yields among the test sections at any time of the year. Flowering date, days to maturity, one-fruit weight, number of early budding plants of the first axillary flower, and number of heart stopping plants of the first flower of the apical bunch are shown in Table 2. No differences were observed between the two test sections. In both years, no early budding or dead center plants of the first axillary flower cluster were observed in both locations.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(5) Cost estimates for different fertilization methods during seedling growth<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u8cc7\u6750\u8cbb\u306f\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u8cbb 5,100\u5186\u306b\u9262\u7269\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u5668\u306e\u5e74\u9593\u511f\u5374\u8cbb 2,100\u5186\uff08\u5546\u54c1\u4fa1\u683c15,000\u5186\u3092\u8010\u7528\u5e74\u6570\uff17\u5e74\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7b97\u51fa\uff09\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u305f7,200\u5186\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e\u8cc7\u6750\u8cbb\u306f\u80a5\u6599\u8cbb\u306e4,400\u5186\u3067\u3042\u3063\uff08\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u7565)\u3002\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u8cc7\u6750\u8cbb\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u30662,800\u5186\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c10a\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u4f5c\u696d\u6642\u9593\u306f\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f4.7\u6642\u9593\uff08\u65bd\u80a5\u56de\u6570\uff11\u56de\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306e18.7\u6642\u9593\uff08\u65bd\u80a5\u56de\u6570\uff14\u56de\uff09\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u306614\u6642\u9593\u524a\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u7565)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u4f5c\u696d\u6642\u9593\u304b\u3089\u7b97\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u52b4\u8cc3\uff08\uff11\u6642\u9593\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u81ea\u5bb6\u52b4\u50cd\u8a55\u4fa1\u984d1,460\u5186\uff1b\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u90e8\u8abf\u3079\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f6,900\u5186\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u306f27,300\u5186\u3067\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u306620,400\u5186\u5b89\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The total cost of materials plus labor was estimated to be 14,100 yen for the total fertilizer application area and 31,700 yen for the conventional area, a reduction of 17,600 yen for the total fertilizer application area compared to the conventional area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consideration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u306f\u6669\u590f\u304b\u3089\u521d\u79cb\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5e73\u5747\u6c17\u6e29\u304c25\u2103\u4ed8\u8fd1\u307e\u3067\u4e0b\u304c\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u77ed\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u65e5\u9577\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff08\u672c\u7530\u30001977)\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u57f9\u571f\u4e2d\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u65e5\u9577\u3067\u77ed\u65e5\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3082\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u304c\u9045\u308c\u308b\uff08\u6cf0\u677e\u30fb\u6728\u6751\u30001981)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u9069\u91cf\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u5145\u5b9f\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u80b2\u82d7\u524d\u534a\u3068\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u4e2d\u65ad\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u3092\u8a98\u5c0e\u3055\u305b\u308b\u80b2\u82d7\u5f8c\u534a\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u80a5\u57f9\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u57f9\u571f\u4e2d\u306e\u785d\u9178\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u30667\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u306b13\uff5e25mg\/100g\u4e7e\u571f\u591a\u3044\u304c\uff0c\uff18\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\uff13mg\/100g\u4e7e\u571f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u524d\u534a\u306e\uff17\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u306b\u306f\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u82d7\u306b\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\uff18\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u4f9b\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u80b2\u82d7\u5f8c\u534a\u306e\u80a5\u57f9\u7ba1\u7406\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u3092\u9806\u8abf\u306b\u8a98\u5c0e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff18\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u304b\u3089\u7a92\u7d20\u4f9b\u7d66\u3092\u4e2d\u65ad\u3057\uff0c\u4f53\u5185\u7a92\u7d20\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u76ee\u5b89\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8449\u67c4\u4e2d\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092100ppm\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u68ee\u4e0b\u30002014)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000On the other hand, it has been reported that flower bud differentiation and development are rather suppressed when extremely low nitrogen conditions are applied from around early September (Yoshida et al. 2002). In addition, when the nitrate ion concentration in petioles at the planting stage falls below 10 ppm, early budding of the first axillary flower cluster and heart-stopping plants are likely to occur (Takeuchi and Sasaki 2008). Therefore, it is considered necessary to maintain the nitrate ion concentration in petioles in the range of 10 to 100 ppm from mid-August to late September to avoid reducing the nitrogen concentration in the body too much in the latter half of seedling growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u8449\u67c4\u4e2d\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\uff0c\uff12\u30ab\u5e74\u3068\u3082\uff17\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b1,000ppm\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\uff18\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u304b\u4f4e\u304f\uff0c40\uff5e50ppm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u671f\u306b\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u306e\u9045\u5ef6\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u306b\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u857e\u682a\u3084\u5fc3\u6b62\u307e\u308a\u682a\u306f\u767a\u751f\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\uff0c\uff62\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u300d\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8449\u67c4\u4e2d\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u6fc3\u5ea6\u304c\uff17\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b1,000\uff5e1,300ppm\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\uff0c\uff18\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306b40\uff5e50ppm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308c\u3070\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u306f\u9045\u5ef6\u305b\u305a\uff0c\uff19\u670820\uff5e25\u65e5\u3054\u308d\u306b\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u3092\u8a98\u5c0e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, the coated fertilizer used in the total fertilizer application is designed to accelerate nitrogen leaching under high temperature conditions (Gunjikake 2020); therefore, when temperatures in June to August are higher than normal, nitrogen leaching is accelerated in the total fertilizer application method, and there is concern that nitrogen may become insufficient in the latter half of seedling growth. In such cases, it is necessary to pay attention to prevent the nitrate ion concentration in petioles from decreasing too much in the latter half of seedling growth, for example, by using liquid fertilizer to add fertilizer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5b9a\u690d\u6642\u306e\u82d7\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3084\u6804\u990a\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\uff62\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u300d\u3067\u306f\u5b9a\u690d\u671f\u306b\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u5f848.5\uff5e10mm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\uff0c\u8449\u67c4\u304c\u77ed\u304f\u5f92\u9577\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u82d7\u306e\u80b2\u6210\u3092\u76ee\u6a19\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u5712\u82b8\u632f\u8208\u63a8\u9032\u4f1a\u8b70\u30002006)\u3002\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u82d7\u306f\uff0c\uff19\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306e\u5b9a\u690d\u671f\u306b\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u82d7\u8cea\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u5f84\u306f10\uff5e11mm\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u9802\u82b1\u623f\u7b2c\u4e00\u82b1\u306e\u958b\u82b1\u65e5\u3084\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u306b\u5dee\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u88ab\u8986\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5\u3067\u300c\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u300d\u3092\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u671f\u306e\uff19\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u306f\u6163\u884c\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u82d7\u8cea\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u9802\u82b1\u623f\u7b2c\u4e00\u82b1\u306e\u958b\u82b1\u65e5\u3084\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u306f\u540c\u7b49\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000We estimated the cost of different fertilizer application methods during the seedling stage, taking into account the cost of materials and labor. As a result, the total cost per 10a was estimated to be 17,600 yen lower than that of the conventional method, because the total cost per 10a was reduced by the labor-saving fertilizer application, although the cost of materials increased with the introduction of the fertilizer applicator in the total fertilizer application area. In other words, in the total fertilizer application method, the increase in material costs was more than offset by the decrease in labor costs due to labor-saving fertilizer application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In conclusion, it is clear that the total application method of coated fertilizer using a metered-quantity fertilizer applicator for potted plants in raising strawberry \"Amao\" seedlings can produce seedling quality and yield comparable to those of conventional cultivation, and can save labor for fertilizer application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u90e1\u53f8\u639b\u5247\u662d\uff082020\uff09\u9262\u3082\u306e\u82b1\u304d\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7701\u529b\u65bd\u80a5\uff0e\u8fb2\u696d\u3068\u79d1\u5b66 726\uff1a9\uff0d11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u672c\u7530\u85e4\u96c4\uff081977\uff09\u751f\u7406\u30fb\u751f\u614b\u304b\u3089\u307f\u305f\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u6280\u8853\uff0e\u8aa0\u6587\u5802\u65b0\u5149\u793e\uff0e\u6771\u4eac\uff0ep136\uff0d140<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u5712\u82b8\u632f\u8208\u63a8\u9032\u4f1a\u8b70\uff082006\uff09\u5e73\u621018\u5e74\u5ea6\u7248\uff62\u3042\u307e\u304a\u3046\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u624b\u5f15\u304d\uff0e\uff13\u80b2\u82d7\u7ba1\u7406\uff0e\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\uff0cp13\uff0d27<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u90e8\u7d4c\u55b6\u6280\u8853\u652f\u63f4\u8ab2\uff082020\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u6280\u8853\u6307\u91dd\uff08\u7b2c11\u7248)\uff0ep17\uff0d22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u68ee\u4e0b\u660c\u4e09\uff082014\uff09\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58 \u751f\u614b\u3068\u683d\u57f9\u6280\u8853\uff0e\u8aa0\u6587\u5802\u65b0\u5149\u793e\uff0e\u6771\u4eac\uff0ep157\uff0d162<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u6cf0\u677e\u6052\u7537\u30fb\u6728\u6751\u96c5\u884c\uff081981\uff09\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u5b9d\u4ea4\u65e9\u751f\u306e\u4fc3\u6210\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u82d7\u8cea\u3068\u958b\u82b1\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff0e\u5948\u826f\u770c\u8fb2\u8a66\u7814\u583112\uff1a30\uff0d42<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u7af9\u5185 \u9686\u30fb\u4f50\u3005\u6728\u9ebb\u8863\uff082008\uff09\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u2018\u7d05\u307b\u3063\u307a\u2019\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u751f\u80b2\u3068\u53ce\u91cf\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e\u9759\u5ca1\u8fb2\u8a66\u7814\u58311\uff1a1\uff0d10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u690d\u677e\u5fb3\u96c4\uff081998\uff09\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u5b9f\u969b\uff0e\u8aa0\u6587\u5802\u65b0\u5149\u793e\uff0e\u6771\u4eac\uff0ep40 \uff0d44<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u5409\u7530\u88d5\u4e00\u30fb\u68ee\u672c\u7531\u9999\u91cc\u30fb\u5927\u4e95\u7f8e\u77e5\u7537\uff082002\uff09\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30c1\u30b4\u54c1\u7a2e\u306e\u82b1\u82bd\u5206\u5316\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u6c17\u6e29\u3068\u7a92\u7d20\u6804\u990a\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e\u5712\u5b66\u96d171\u52252\uff1a372<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - No. 24 Soil is a Product of the Environment
\uff0d\u98a8\u5316\u3068\u751f\u7269\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u5ca9\u77f3\u304b\u3089\u571f\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u524d \u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000About 600 million years ago, 4 billion years after the birth of the earth 4.6 billion years ago, something like soil (early soil) was formed, and about 300 million years ago, the soil we imagine was formed on the earth. In the last issue, I told you the story of the formation of soil. This time, I would like to talk about how soil is created by the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. change in perception of soil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Until the 19th century, soil was considered to be nothing more than a soft, weathered rocky surface layer of the earth's crust. Dokuchaev (1846-1903), a young Russian geologist who later became known as the founder of soil science, changed this view to one in which soil is created by the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000He believed that soil is formed by the interaction of various factors such as rocks, which are the raw materials of soil, climate, plants and animals, and topography, and that the formed soil changes with time. He also argued that soil, like animals and plants, is one of the components of nature and that soil is a product of the environment. Let us look at this idea in detail below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. two factors that create soil - weathering and biological action<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u706b\u5c71\u7070\u3092\u539f\u6599\u3068\u3059\u308b\u571f\uff08\u9ed2\u30dc\u30af\u571f\uff09\u304c\u5e83\u304f\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u307f\u308b\u3068\u9ed2\u30dc\u30af\u571f\u306f\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u306a\u571f\u3067\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u571f\u306e\u539f\u6599\u306f\u5ca9\u77f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u539f\u6599\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5ca9\u77f3\u3092\u6bcd\u5ca9\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6bcd\u5ca9\u304b\u3089\u571f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u5ca9\u77f3\u304c\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u7815\u304b\u308c\u308b\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u98a8\u5316\uff09\u3068\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u7815\u304b\u308c\u305f\u5ca9\u77f3\u306b\u751f\u7269\u304c\u50cd\u304d\u304b\u3051\u3066\u571f\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308a\u3042\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4f5c\u7528\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The first step in the formation of soil is for lichens and microorganisms, as described in last month's issue, to attach themselves to the surface of a material that has been broken into small pieces by weathering (this is called the parent material of soil). When they die after completing their lives, their remains are decomposed by other microorganisms. The decomposition products become plant nutrients. As these nutrients accumulate, an environment is created in which plants can live, and higher plants, such as mosses and grasses, invade. When mosses and grasses enter, their remains are decomposed by microorganisms and nutrients increase further. Then, soil animals (earthworms, etc.) can live there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Soil animals live and die by feeding on the organic matter that has accumulated in the matrix as decomposition products of plant remains. As a result, the surface of the parent material becomes richer in nutrients. In this way, higher plants are able to live. As the higher plants die and are replaced by dead bodies, a black-colored layer of soil with a mixture of organic matter and the parent material gradually forms on the surface of the parent material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The action that creates soil in this way is the result of the action of living organisms on the parent material. No matter how much a rock is weathered and crushed into small pieces, soil cannot be created without the presence and action of living organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. the function of soil-building organisms is affected by the environment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The workings of the organisms that make up the soil are closely linked to the environment. This is because the types of organisms and their activity are greatly influenced by the climate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In cold regions at high latitudes, the amount of organic matter added to the soil is low because plant growth is poor. However, because of the cold weather, decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms does not progress, and organic matter accumulates, resulting in dark soil with a darker color, as indicated by the organic matter. On the other hand, in low-latitude tropical rainforest areas, the amount of organic matter added to the soil is much higher than in colder regions because of vigorous plant growth. However, because of the higher temperatures, the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms is faster, and organic matter is less likely to accumulate in the soil. Therefore, the soil in this region does not darken, and a reddish-brown color is produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u571f\u304c\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u52dd\u624b\u6c17\u307e\u307e\u306b\u571f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3053\u305d\u30c9\u30af\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u30a8\u30d5\u306f\uff0c\uff62\u571f\u306f\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u7523\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3057\uff0c\uff62\u571f\u306f\uff0c\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u306a\uff0c\u5076\u7136\u7684\u306a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u9006\u306b\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u7269\uff08\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4f53\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3044\u5207\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u6bcd\u6750\u304c\u540c\u3058\u306a\u3089\u540c\u3058\u571f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3042\u304c\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u6bcd\u6750\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u3061\u304c\u3046\u3068\u3067\u304d\u3042\u304c\u308b\u571f\u306f\u3061\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002\u307e\u3055\u306b\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u571f\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Looking at the world's soil again (Figure 2), it appears that soil is distributed in a band along the latitude of the earth.
This is because the climate varies greatly with latitude, and the soil is formed by the different actions of organisms in response to these changes.
From a macroscopic viewpoint, we can realize that \"soil is a product of the environment,\" as Dokuchaev pointed out.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The moon is devoid of life. Therefore, the biological processes necessary to create soil do not work. Therefore, there are rocks on the moon, but no soil. Because the earth is at a perfect distance from the sun, the atmosphere and water can exist, and organisms were born. Thanks to the work of these organisms, soil was created and agriculture began.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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