{"id":3776,"date":"2024-10-14T11:03:11","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T02:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3776"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:50:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T07:50:05","slug":"%e7%ac%ac748%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802023-r05-2%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c748\u53f7\u30002023-r05-2\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c748\u53f7\u30002023(R05).02-03\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u6c34\u7530\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u304b\u3089\u6839\u3053\u3076\u75c5\u9632\u9664\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5
Tohoku Agricultural Research Center
Field Crops and Horticulture Research Area New Vegetable Production Group
\u5c71\u53e3\u3000\u5343\u4ec1<\/a>
No \u00a7 Soil - No. 19
\u5438\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067
\uff0d\u690d\u7269\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u81ea\u7d66\u3059\u308b\uff0d
Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u7530\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u304b\u3089
\u6839\u3053\u3076\u75c5\u9632\u9664\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u306e
\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tohoku Agricultural Research Center
Field Crops and Horticulture Research Area New Vegetable Production Group
\u5c71\u53e3\u3000\u5343\u4ec1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e3b\u98df\u7528\u7c73\u306e\u9700\u8981\u306f\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u6771\u5317\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306f\u6c34\u7530\u55b6\u8fb2\u3078\u52a0\u5de5\u30fb\u696d\u52d9\u7528\u30ad\u30e3\u30d9\u30c4\u306a\u3069\u3092\u542b\u3080\u91ce\u83dc\u4f5c\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u671b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u8ee2\u63db\u7551\u306b\u91ce\u83dc\u4f5c\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u571f\u58cc\u75c5\u5bb3\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u96e3\u9632\u9664\u6027\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u75c5\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30ca\u79d1\u6839\u3053\u3076\u75c5\u306f\u591a\u6e7f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u767a\u75c5\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u305f\u30811)<\/sup>\uff0c\u6392\u6c34\u4e0d\u826f\u304b\u3089\u591a\u6e7f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6c34\u7530\u8ee2\u63db\u7551\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u7279\u306b\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Since the activity of filamentous fungi such as root-knot fungi is suppressed when soil pH is high (alkaline), it is recommended that soil pH be raised to about 7.5 for the control of Brassica root-knot disease. To adjust soil pH, converter slag or slaked lime is used as an alkaline material. Converter slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking process and is an eco-friendly alkaline material made from industrial waste. Because alkaline soils tend to cause micronutrient deficiencies in plants, converter slag, an alkaline material containing micronutrients, is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6839\u3053\u3076\u75c5\u9632\u9664\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u571f\u58ccpH\u3092\u77ef\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u571f\u58ccpH\u30927.5\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u306e\u91cf\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u306f\u5404\u3005\u7de9\u885d\u80fd\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305fpH\u4e0a\u6607\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u306f\u5404\u7551\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u571f\u58ccpH\u7de9\u885d\u66f2\u7dda\u3092\u63cf\u304d\uff0c\u65bd\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u306e\u91cf\u3092\u63a8\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f2)<\/sup>\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\uff0c\u571f\u58ccpH\u7de9\u885d\u66f2\u7dda\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u306f\u632f\u3068\u3046\u6a5f\u3084pH\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5668\u5177\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u624b\u9593\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u672c\u5831\u544a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\uff0c\u91ce\u5916\u5224\u5b9a\u3084Web\u60c5\u5831\u304b\u3089\u62bd\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\uff08\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u3084\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5f0f3)<\/sup>\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. addition of alkaline materials to test soil and measurement of soil pH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6771\u65e5\u672c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u306e\u5404\u5730\u3067\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff0c\u7c92\u5f84\u7d44\u6210\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u6c34\u7530\u571f\u58cc\uff08\u4f5c\u571f\uff09234\u70b94)<\/sup>\u3092\u4f9b\u8a66\u3057\u305f\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u7528\u3044\u305f\u571f\u58cc\u8a66\u6599\u306e\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u571f\u58cc\u5206\u985e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8a66\u68485)<\/sup>\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5206\u985e\u3092\u8868\uff11\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3002\u8a66\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c92\u5f84\u7d44\u6210\uff08ISSS\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5143\u306epH\u306e\u6700\u5927\u5024\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5024\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5024\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5024\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3092\u8868\uff12\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3002\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c92\u5f84\u7d44\u6210\u306f\u30d4\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f4)<\/sup>\u3002\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u306f\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5404\u770c\u62c5\u5f53\u8005\u3088\u308a\u63d0\u4f9b\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3002\u571f\u58cc\u8a66\u6599\u306f\u98a8\u4e7e\u72b6\u614b\u30672mm\u306e\u3075\u308b\u3044\u3092\u901a\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\uff0cpH\u7de9\u885d\u66f2\u7dda\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000pH\u7de9\u885d\u66f2\u7dda\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\uff08\u7c92\u72b6\uff0c\u304f\u307f\u3042\u3044\u8ee2\u7089\u526f\u7523\u77f3\u7070\uff12\u53f7\uff0c\u30df\u30cd\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\uff08\u7c89\u72b6\uff0c70\u9632\u6563\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\uff0c\u6771\u4e9c\u7523\u696d\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u5206\uff080.5mol L\uff0d1<\/sup>\u5869\u9178\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u3068\u30de\u30b0\u30cd\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u3092\u9178\u5316\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306b\u63db\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u91cf\u306e\u5408\u8a08\uff09\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c50%\uff0c70%\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e7e\u571f10g\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u3092\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u5206\u63db\u7b97\u91cf\u30670.025\uff0c0.05\uff0c0.25\uff0c0.5\uff0c1.0g\u6dfb\u52a0\u3057\uff0c\u3088\u304f\u6df7\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u84b8\u7559\u6c3425mL\uff08\u4e7e\u571f\uff11\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u84b8\u7559\u6c342.5\uff09\u3092\u52a0\u3048\uff0c\uff11\u6642\u9593\u632f\u3068\u3046\u5f8c\uff11\u6642\u9593\u9759\u7f6e\u3057\uff0cpH\uff08H2<\/sub>O\uff09\u3092\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u96fb\u6975\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u305f6)<\/sup>The following is a list of the most common problems with the \"C\" in the \"C\" column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. mathematical formulation of soil pH buffer curve<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u571f\u58ccpH\u7de9\u885d\u66f2\u7dda\u306e\u6570\u5f0f\u5316\u306f\uff0cLuo et al.\uff082015\uff09\uff16\uff09\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u3092\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u5206\u63db\u7b97\u3067 x\uff08g\/10g\u4e7e\u571f\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306epH\u306f,\uff081\uff09\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000pH\uff1dpHmax<\/sub>\uff0dpHint<\/sub>exp (kx) \u2026\u2026\uff081\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000pHmax is the maximum value for each material, and pHmax-pHint is the soil pH without the material (original pH in Table 2). k is a constant related to the amount of alkaline material added. The maximum value of pHmax was defined as the pH when 1.0 g of converter slag or slaked lime in terms of alkali content was added to 25 mL of distilled water. The pHmax of converter slag = 12.73 and that of slaked lime = 12.89. Equation (1) was fitted to the data by finding the value of k using the method of least squares, which minimizes the sum of the squares of the difference between the measured value and the value obtained from the equation. Equation (1) shows that when the amount of alkali material applied is 0 g, the test soil shows the original pH. As the alkali input approaches infinity, the pH buffering capacity of the soil becomes negligible and approaches the pH of the soil when the alkali material is added to water (pHmax).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Figure 1 shows examples of pH buffer curves for four soils, including those with the largest and smallest k values among the samples used in this study. k value is an index of the pH buffering capacity of a soil, and the slope of the pH buffer curve increases with the absolute value of k. The slope of the pH buffer curve varies with the soil and each alkaline material. The slope of the pH buffer curve was different for different soils and different alkaline materials, but it could be calculated by changing the k value and pHmax, respectively, using Equation (1).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. index k of soil pH buffering capacity expressed in terms of soil clay content and carbon content<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u306epH\u7de9\u885d\u80fd\u306f\u967d\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u4ea4\u63db\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08CEC\uff09\u3068\u5f37\u3044\u76f8\u95a2\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\uff17, \uff18, \uff19\uff09<\/sup>\u3002CEC\u306f\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3084\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u306b\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b10, 11\uff09<\/sup>\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\uff0c\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u6dfb\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5f0f\uff081\uff09\u304b\u3089\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308bk\u5024\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u5909\u6570\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u305f\u91cd\u56de\u5e30\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff13\uff09\u3002\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u5909\u6570\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5f0f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308bk \u5024\u3068\uff0c\u5b9f\u6e2c\u7531\u6765 k \u5024\u3068\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5358\u56de\u5e30\u5f0f\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u30670.333\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u8abf\u6574\u6e08\u307f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570\uff1a0.327\uff09\uff0c\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u30670.429\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u8abf\u6574\u6e08\u307f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4fc2\u6570\uff1a0.424\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff08\u56f3\uff12\uff09\uff0ck \u306e\u5206\u6563\u306e\u7d04\uff13\uff5e\uff14\u5272\u3092\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u304c\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Comparison of measured pH values after addition of converter slag and slaked lime with values estimated from clay content and total carbon content<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000For each soil sample, k was calculated using the equation in Table 3, and the obtained k value was substituted into Equation (1) to estimate pH. The measured values on the horizontal axis and the estimated values using Equation (1) on the vertical axis for the cases where 0.025, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g of converter slag and slaked lime were added in terms of alkali content were plotted, and the estimated soil pH values agreed well with the measured values up to the slightly alkaline range (Figure 3).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Based on the above, the following estimation equation is recommended for estimating the amount of alkali material applied to correct soil pH in the range up to weak alkalinity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\uff1a
pH\uff1d12.73\uff0dpHint<\/sub>exp {(0.0140\u00d7\u7c98\u571f (%)\uff0b0.1437\u00d7\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf (%)\uff0d2.686) x (g\/10g\u4e7e\u571f)}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\uff1a
pH\uff1d12.89\uff0dpHint<\/sub>exp {(0.1833\u00d7\u7c98\u571f (%)\uff0b1.0729\u00d7\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf (%)\uff0d21.668) x (g\/10g\u4e7e\u571f)}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. a simple method for calculating the amount of alkali material to be applied<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u63a8\u5b9a\u6570\u5f0f\u3092\u5909\u63db\u3057\u305f\u56f3\uff14\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u3092\u76ee\u6a19pH\u306b\u77ef\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u521d\u671fpH\uff0c\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\uff0c\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3002\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u89e6\u611f\u3068\u8272\u8abf\u3067\u5224\u5225\u3057\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u521d\u671fpH\uff08\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u7121\u6dfb\u52a0\u6642\u306e\u571f\u58ccpH\uff09\u3092\u30dd\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb\u306epH\u8a08\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u7c21\u6613\u7684\u306b\u304a\u304a\u307e\u304b\u306a\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u4eca\u5f8c\uff0ce-\u571f\u58cc\u56f3\u2161\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u571f\u58cc\u56f312)<\/sup>\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u8c61\u5730\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u5168\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u56f3\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u8cc7\u6750\u6295\u5165\u91cf\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\uff0c\u672c\u63a8\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

7. Precautions in applying this method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The recommended soil pH for the purpose of soil disease control varies among municipalities. The grain size of converter slag varies by product and lot, and the difference in solubility of the material caused by the difference in grain size greatly affects the pH buffer curve. In addition, soil pH varies depending on the moisture content of the soil after application, etc. Therefore, the calculated amount of alkali material to be applied is a theoretical value and can only be used as a rough guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acknowledgements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000We would like to thank the agricultural research institutes in each prefecture that provided soil samples and analytical data for this study, as well as the Tohoku Agricultural Research Center of the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) for their cooperation in conducting this study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\uff11\uff09\u5f8c\u85e4\u9038\u7537\u30fb\u6751\u4e0a\u572d\u4e00\u30002006\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u751f\u614b\u3068\u304b\u3057\u3053\u3044\u9632\u304e\u65b9\u3000\u6839\u3053\u3076\u75c5\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u75c5\u5bb3\u304b\u3089\u898b\u76f4\u3059\u571f\u3065\u304f\u308a\uff0e
\u3000\u3000p.44\uff0d56\uff0c\u8fb2\u6587\u5354\uff0c\u6771\u4eac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff12\uff09\u6751\u4e0a\u572d\u4e00\u30fb\u5f8c\u85e4\u9038\u7537\u30002008\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30a2\u30d6\u30e9\u30ca\u79d1\u91ce\u83dc\u6839\u3053\u3076\u75c5\u9632\u9664\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u7c21\u6613\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u95a2\u897f\u75c5\u866b\u5bb3\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u5831\uff0c50\uff0cp.97\uff0d98.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff13\uff09\u5c71\u53e3\u5343\u4ec1\uff0c\u9ad8\u6a4b\u667a\u7d00\uff0c\u52a0\u85e4\u90a6\u5f66\uff0c\u65b0\u826f\u529b\u4e5f2021\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u6c34\u7530\u571f\u58cc\u3092\u5f31\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ea\u6027\u306b\u77ef\u6b63\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ee2\u7089\u30b9\u30e9\u30b0\u304a\u3088\u3073
\u3000\u3000\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u6dfb\u52a0\u91cf\u3092\u7c98\u571f\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u3068\u70ad\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u91cf\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u63a8\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u571f\u80a5\u8a8c\uff0c92\uff0cp.174\uff0d181.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Takahashi, T., Nakano, K., Nira, R., Kumagai,E., Nishida, M. and Namikawa, M. 2020.
\u3000\u3000Conversion of soil particle size distribution and texture classification from ISSS system to FAO\/USDA system in Japanese paddy soils. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 66, 407\uff0d414.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff15\uff09\u5c0f\u539f \u6d0b\uff0c\u5927\u5009\u5229\u660e\uff0c\u9ad8\u7530\u88d5\u4ecb\uff0c\u795e\u5c71\u548c\u5247\uff0c\u524d\u5cf6\u52c7\u6cbb\uff0c\u6d5c\u5d0e\u5fe0\u96c4\uff0c2011\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u571f\u58cc\u5206\u985e\u7b2c\uff11\u6b21\u8a66\u6848\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u7b2c29\u53f71\uff0d73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff16\uff09\u571f\u58cc\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u7de8\u96c6\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u7de8\u30001997\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u74b0\u5883\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff0cp.195\uff0d197\uff0e\u535a\u53cb\u793e\uff0c\u6771\u4eac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff17\uff09Luo, W.T., Nelson, P.N., Li, M.-H., Cai, J.P., Zhang, Y.Y., Zhang, Y.G., Yang, S., Wang, R.Z., Wang, Z.W., Wu, Y.N., Han, X.G. and Jiang, Y. 2015.
\u3000\u3000Contrasting pH buffering patterns in neutral-alkaline soils along a 3600km transect in northern China, Biogeosciences, 12, 7047\uff0d7056.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff18\uff09Aitken, R. L. 1992
\u3000\u3000Relationships between extractable Al, selected soil properties. pH buffer capacity and lime requirement in some acidic Queensland soils, Austr. J. Soil Res., 30, 119\uff0d130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(9) Xu, R., Zhao, A., Yuan, J., and Jiang, J. 2012.
\u3000\u3000pH buffering capacity of acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions of China as influenced by incorporation of crop straw biochars. J. Soil. Sediment., 12, 494\uff0d502.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10\uff09\u8239\u5f15\u771f\u543e\u30001972\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u7de8\u571f\u58cc\u5b66\u8b1b\u7fa9\uff0ep.44\uff0d56\uff0c\u990a\u8ce2\u5802\uff0c\u6771\u4eac\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11\uff09\u767d\u6c34\u6674\u96c4\u30001988\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u7c98\u571f\u9271\u7269\u5b66\uff0d\u7c98\u571f\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u790e\uff0d\uff0ep.38\uff0d42\uff0c\u671d\u5009\u66f8\u5e97\uff0c\u6771\u4eac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12\uff09\u9ad8\u7530\u88d5\u4ecb\u30002018\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u672c\u571f\u58cc\u30a4\u30f3\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3068\u5229\u7528\uff08\u7279\u96c6\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6700\u65b0\u5229\u7528\u6280\u8853\uff09\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u6280\u8853\uff0c6\uff0c7\uff0d12\uff0e
\u3000\u3000(https:\/\/soil-inventory.dc.affrc.go.jp\/index.html)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - Part 19
\u5438\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306b\u306a\u308b\u307e\u3067
\uff0d\u690d\u7269\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u81ea\u7d66\u3059\u308b\uff0d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Plants select and absorb only the nutrients they need from the water in the soil (soil solution) by a well-developed mechanism. The absorbed nutrient ions support the nutrition of the plant by either becoming components of substances that help to nourish the plant or by participating in various reactions in the plant body.
\u3000This month, as an example, we will look at how plants use nitrogenous nutrient ions such as ammonium and nitrate ions and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis in leaves to make proteins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. how amino acids are synthesized from ammonium ions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\uff08NH4<\/sub>\u207a\uff09\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\uff08N\uff09\u3084\u6c34\u7d20\uff08H\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u6210\u5206\u3067\u690d\u7269\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u990a\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u591a\u91cf\u306b\u690d\u7269\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306b\u9001\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3068\u5149\u5408\u6210\u3092\u59a8\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u306b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u6839\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306b\u3068\u308a\u3053\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u3059\u3050\u306b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306b\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u7121\u6bd2\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304c\u56f3\uff11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Ammonium ions taken up by plant root cells are first combined with an amino acid called glutamic acid to form an amino acid called glutamine. This reaction is the function of glutamine synthetase. This glutamine is converted into two glutamic acids by reacting with 2-oxoglutaric acid, an organic acid that is an intermediate product of the breakdown of carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis through plant respiration. This reaction is the function of glutamate synthase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Of the two glutamic acids, one is again combined with ammonium ions to make glutamine. The other reacts with various organic acids, which are intermediate products of the breakdown of photosynthetic products by plant respiration, to produce the necessary amino acids. In this case, the reactions are also carried out by enzymes that assist in each reaction. In this way, all necessary amino acids are self-sufficient, and proteins are synthesized from them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. how amino acids are synthesized from nitrate ions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u56f3\uff11\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3067\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u5408\u6210\u304c\u304a\u3053\u306a\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\uff0c\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\uff0c\u7551\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7a7a\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u9178\u7d20\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u9178\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u3067\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u785d\u9178\u5316\u6210\u4f5c\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u7551\u4f5c\u7269\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u990a\u5206\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u304c\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306e\u6750\u6599\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3082\u690d\u7269\u306f\u305f\u304f\u307f\u306a\u3057\u304f\u307f\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\u3000\u690d\u7269\u306b\u5438\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u305f\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u539f\u6599\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\uff0c\u56f3\uff11\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u5408\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3057\u304f\u307f\uff08GS-GOGAT\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff09\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u3092\u304a\u3053\u306a\u3046\u306e\u304c\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u3068\u4e9c\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff12\uff09\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u9175\u7d20\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\uff0c\u5354\u540c\u3057\u3066\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3078\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Many nitrate ions are absorbed by the roots and then translocated in their intact form through the ducts to the leaves. This is because leaves are well exposed to sunlight and can easily obtain the light energy necessary for this enzymatic reaction. The nitrate ions transferred to the leaves are converted to nitrite ions by the action of nitrate reductase. Nitrite ions are further converted to ammonium ions by nitrite reductase. The nitrite ion then enters the GS-GOGAT system, an amino acid synthesis pathway (Fig. 2), and the necessary amino acid synthesis is carried out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. mechanism to prevent excessive accumulation of ammonium ions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u3053\u3067\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u9175\u7d20\u53cd\u5fdc\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\uff0c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u5408\u6210\u306eGS-GOGAT\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u304f\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u524d\u8005\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u304c\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u9175\u7d20\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\u3067\u304d\u305f\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u8449\u306b\u84c4\u7a4d\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u907f\u3051\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u84c4\u7a4d\u306f\u690d\u7269\u306b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u306f\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u306f\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u5438\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u9175\u7d20\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3055\u305b\uff0c\u4e9c\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u4e9c\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u4e9c\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u3067\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u5408\u6210\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5165\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u3067\u7121\u6bd2\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u306f\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u9175\u7d20\u6d3b\u6027\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u306f\u3080\u3084\u307f\u306b\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u3064\u304f\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9175\u7d20\u6d3b\u6027\u3092\u81ea\u5df1\u898f\u5236\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\uff0c\u9175\u7d20\u53cd\u5fdc\u3067\u3067\u304d\u305f\u30a2\u30f3\u30e2\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3078\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u308b\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\u306e\u9593\u3067\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u785d\u9178\u9084\u5143\u9175\u7d20\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u304b\u306a\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u6d3b\u6027\u306e\u8abf\u7bc0\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9175\u7d20\u3092\u9069\u5fdc\u9175\u7d20\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u8a98\u5c0e\u9175\u7d20\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The fact that nitrate reductase is an adaptive enzyme is especially important for many plants that mainly absorb nitrate as a nitrogen nutrient source, in order to avoid the danger of excessive accumulation of ammonium ions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. the only external raw material required for amino acid synthesis is ammonium ions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000From what we have seen so far about the mechanism of amino acid synthesis, we can notice something. The only raw material that plants need to acquire from outside in order to synthesize amino acids is ammonium ions. The other raw material, photosynthetic products (carbohydrates), is synthesized by the plant itself. This is made possible by two enzymes that synthesize glutamine and glutamic acid. It is thanks to the action of these two enzymes that plants are able to synthesize complex amino acids from simple substances such as ammonium ions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. plants do not contain essential amino acids<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000We are not self-sufficient in all the amino acids needed for protein synthesis. Therefore, we need to acquire the necessary amino acids from the food we eat. These are the essential amino acids. Plants do not have essential amino acids because they are self-sufficient in all the amino acids necessary for protein synthesis. We should avoid the misconception that plants have substances like the essential amino acids of animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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