{"id":3812,"date":"2024-10-14T13:58:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T04:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3812"},"modified":"2026-06-18T16:41:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T07:41:45","slug":"%e7%ac%ac746%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802022-r04-12%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c746\u53f7\u30002022-r04-12\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c746\u53f7\u30002022(R04).12\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7 Environmentally friendly spinach cultivation methods (Part 2)
Former Toyama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center
\u677e\u672c\u3000\u7f8e\u679d\u5b50<\/a>
\u00a7\u65e9\u671f\u683d\u57f9\u6c34\u7a32\u2018\u30b3\u30b7\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u2019\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88ab\u819c\u5d29\u58ca\u6027\u6539\u826f\u578b\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u52b9\u679c
Kochi Agricultural Technology Center
Crops and Horticulture Division, Paddy Crops
\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u6b66\u7530\u3000\u4fca\u4e5f<\/a>
No \u00a7 Soil - Part 17
\u690d\u7269\u304c\u6c34\u3068\u990a\u5206\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u3057\u304f\u307f
-Absorb necessary substances and eliminate unnecessary ones.
Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a>
\u00a72022 General Table of Previous Editions of this Journal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmentally Friendly Spinach Cultivation Method (Part 2)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Former Toyama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center
\u677e\u672c\u3000\u7f8e\u679d\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. good use of solar thermal effects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Introduction.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Irrigation is important in the hot season cultivation of soft vegetables, but insufficient irrigation delays growth, while too much irrigation can lead to disease outbreaks caused by Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Fusarium. Chemical treatment is considered necessary to stabilize production during high temperatures (summer), and soil disinfection using solar heat is also effective. We investigated a more effective method of disinfection by solar heat treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Processing and research methods<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u5185\u306b\u7566\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u305f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u6f45\u6c34\u3057\uff0c\u5916\u58c1(\u819c\uff09\u3092\u5bc6\u9589\u3057\uff0c\u7566\u9762\u3082\u30d3\u30cb\u30eb\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5bc6\u9589\u3059\u308b\u3002\u64ad\u7a2e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\uff0c\u5916\u6c17\u6e29\uff0c\u5ba4\u6e29\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\uff15cm\uff0c10cm\uff0c15cm\uff0c20cm\u306b\u6e29\u5ea6\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u3092\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\uff0c\u81ea\u8a18\u6e29\u5ea6\u8a08\u3067\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u64ad\u7a2e30\u65e5\u5f8c\u306b\uff0c\u51fa\u82bd\u3057\u305f\u96d1\u8349\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u53ca\u3073\u6570\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results and Discussion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u590f\u64ad\u304d\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u64ad\u7a2e\u5f8c15\u65e5\u9803\u307e\u3067\uff08\u7279\u306b\u51fa\u82bd\u63c3\u3044\u671f\uff09\u306f\u30ea\u30be\u30af\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u3084\u30d4\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306b\uff0c15\u65e5\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u30d5\u30b6\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306b\u4fb5\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u304f\uff0c\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30ea\u30be\u30af\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u306f45\u2103\u306712\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u30d4\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306f24\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u30d5\u30b6\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306f60\u6642\u9593\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308c\u3070\u6b7b\u6ec5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u5229\u7528\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6839\u62e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u6839\u306e\u8868\u76ae\u69cb\u9020\u306f\uff0c\u767a\u82bd\u304b\u3089\u672c\u8449\uff13\u679a\u5c55\u8449\u671f\u307e\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u8edf\u3089\u304b\u3044\u305f\u3081\u571f\u58cc\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\u306b\u7f79\u75c5\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u6d88\u6bd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\uff0c\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u3092\u30d3\u30cb\u30eb\u3067\u5bc6\u9589\u3057\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u9762\u3082\u30d3\u30cb\u30eb\u3067\u88ab\u8986\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u65e5\u5c04\u91cf\u304c\uff15MJ\u3067\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea645\u2103\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\uff0c \u5730\u4e0b\uff15cm\u3067\u5916\u6c17\u6e2927\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b10cm\u3067\u5916\u6c17\u6e2930\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b15cm\u3067\u5916\u6c17\u6e2934\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\uff0c\u30ea\u30be\u30af\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u53ca\u3073\u30d4\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u767a\u751f\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8a66\u9a13\u5703\u5834\uff21\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u51e6\u7406\u671f\u9593\u306f10\u65e5\u3067\uff0c45\u2103\u3092\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u9762\u4e0b\uff15cm\u306756\u6642\u9593\uff0c10cm\u306732\u6642\u9593\uff0c15cm\u3067\uff17\u6642\u9593\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30d5\u30b6\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u9a13\u5703\u5834\uff22\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u8015\u8d77\uff0812cm\uff09\u533a\u53ca\u3073\u4e0d\u8015\u8d77\u533a\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\uff0c\u8868\u5c64\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u8015\u8d77\u3067\u306f\u75c5\u5bb3\u53ca\u3073\u96d1\u8349\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306f\u8457\u3057\u304f\u6291\u5236\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u8015\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\u5703\u5834\uff22\u306730\u65e5\u9593\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c45\u2103\u3092\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u6642\u9593\u306f\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u9762\u4e0b\uff15cm\u3067\u306f130\u6642\u9593\uff0c10cm\u3067\u306f60\u6642\u9593\uff0c15cm\u3067\u306f15\u6642\u9593\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u521d\u5e74\u5ea6\uff08\u524d\u5e74\u5ea6\u81ed\u5316\u30e1\u30c1\u30eb\u51e6\u7406\uff09\u306f\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u304c\uff0c\uff12\u5e74\u76ee\u306f\u751f\u80b2\u5f8c\u534a\u306b\u306a\u308a\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u5468\u8fba\u304b\u3089\u840e\u51cb\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u540c\u5703\u5834\u3067\u30af\u30ed\u30eb\u30d4\u30af\u30ea\u30f3\u6d88\u6bd2\u3057\u305f\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u840e\u51cb\u306f\u5168\u304f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u524d\u53f7\uff08\u8fb2\u696d\u3068\u79d1\u5b6611\u6708\u53f7\uff09\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u4f75\u305b\u3066\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u725b\u7cde\u5806\u80a5\u9023\u7528\u5703\u5834\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u6539\u826f\u8cc7\u6750\u53ca\u3073\u5316\u6210\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0cLP30\uff080.9kg\/10a\uff09\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7a92\u7d20\u3060\u3051\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\uff08\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u5c01\u5165\u80a5\u6599)\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u6bce\u5e74\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u85ac\u5264\u306b\u3088\u308b\u571f\u58cc\u6d88\u6bd2\u306f\uff0c\uff12\u5e74\u306b\uff11\u5ea6\u306f\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d88\u6bd2\u3067\u4ee3\u66ff\u3048\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4e7e\u71e5\u9d8f\u7cde\u9023\u7528\u5703\u5834\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u6539\u826f\u8cc7\u6750\u53ca\u3073\u5316\u6210\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u3092\u6b62\u3081\uff0c\u725b\u7cde\u5806\u80a5\uff12t\/10a\/\u5e74\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8150\u690d\u3092\u88dc\u7d66\u3057\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306bLP30\uff082.7kg\/10a\uff09\u306e\u5c40\u6240\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7a92\u7d20\u3092\u88dc\u7d66\u3059\u308b(\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u5c01\u5165\u80a5\u6599)\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u75c5\u5bb3\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30d5\u30b6\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u83cc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u5703\u5834\u3067\u306f\u6bce\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u3044\u5703\u5834\u3067\u306f\u85ac\u5264\u6d88\u6bd2\u3068\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u6d88\u6bd2\u3092\u4ea4\u4e92\u306b\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u7523\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000This method increases the number of plantings because the application of organic matter and soil amendments can be reduced between cropping types. In addition, the fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate is improved, resulting in lower soil EC, among other benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u65bd\u8a2d\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u9ad8\u6e29\u671f\u683d\u57f9\u306f\uff0c\u30d4\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u53ca\u3073\u30ea\u30be\u30af\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\uff0c\u30d5\u30b6\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u7b49\u306b\u3088\u308b\u75c5\u5bb3\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u571f\u58cc\u6d88\u6bd2\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u5730\u8868\u9762\u304b\u3089\u6df1\u3055\uff15cm\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c15cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u304c\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u8015\u8d77\u306b\u3088\u308a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6301\u7d9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\uff0c\u5404\u4f5c\u4ed8\u3051\u524d\u306b\u80a5\u6599\u53ca\u3073\u571f\u58cc\u6539\u826f\u8cc7\u6750\u3068\u571f\u3092\u6df7\u548c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c17cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u571f\u304c\u30ed\u30fc\u30bf\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u304b\u304d\u6df7\u305c\u3089\u308c\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c64\u306e\u672a\u6d88\u6bd2\u571f\u58cc\u3084\u767a\u82bd\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u96d1\u8349\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u8868\u9762\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u6301\u3061\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u6d88\u6bd2\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Since Fusarium is killed by exposure to 45\u00b0C for 60 hours, the treatment period should be determined by checking the soil temperature. If the wilt is pronounced, the use of a chemical (chloropicrin) in combination with Fusarium fusarium should be considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u590f\u5834\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff11\u9031\u9593\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u308245\u2103\u306760\u6642\u9593\uff08\u5730\u4e0b\uff15cm\uff09\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\uff12\u4f5c\u76ee\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u7566\u8868\u9762\u3092\u8efd\u304f\u5747\u3057\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6f45\u6c34\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u30d3\u30cb\u30eb\u88ab\u8986\u3057\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u3092\u5bc6\u9589\u3057\u3066\uff12\u301c\uff13\u65e5\u51e6\u7406\uff08\u77ed\u671f\u9593\u306e\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u51e6\u7406\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8868\u9762\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30af\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u3084\u30d4\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u6b7b\u6ec5\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306e\u6606\u866b\u6bba\u5375\u52b9\u679c\u3082\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. rational cultivation method of spinach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306f\u80a5\u6599\u6210\u5206\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u6e90\u53ca\u3073\u571f\u58cc\u7269\u7406\u6027\u6539\u5584\u7528\u8cc7\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u4f5c\u7269\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u80a5\u6599\u6210\u5206\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u6210\u5206\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306b\u84c4\u7a4d\u3057\u305f\u80a5\u6599\u6210\u5206\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u3082\u4e71\u308c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\uff12\u301c\uff13\u5e74\u306b\u4e00\u5ea6\u306f\u571f\u58cc\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u524d\u53f7\u306e\u8868\uff11\u2212\uff13\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u57fa\u6e96\u5024\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u6210\u5206\u306f\u65bd\u7528\u3057\uff0c\u904e\u5270\u6210\u5206\u306f\u990a\u5206\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u4e71\u308c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u65bd\u7528\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7a92\u7d20\u306f\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u964d\u96e8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6d41\u4ea1\u3082\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u6bce\u4f5c\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u65bd\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u80a5\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u5438\u53ce\u7279\u6027\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u6eb6\u51fa\u3092\u793a\u3059\u88ab\u8986\u5c3f\u7d20\uff08LP30\uff09\u3092\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5c01\u5165\u3057\uff0c\u7a2e\u5b50\u306e\u8fd1\u8fba\u306b\uff08\u6df1\u3055\uff13cm\u7a0b\u5ea6)\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3092\u6163\u884c\u306e\uff13\u500d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\uff0c\u8015\u8d77\uff0c\u7566\u7acb\u3066\u4f5c\u696d\u306f\uff0c\u91cd\u52b4\u50cd\u3067\u3082\u9577\u6642\u9593\u52b4\u50cd\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u304c\uff0c\u6b21\u306e\u4f5c\u4ed8\u3051\u8fc4\uff0c\u534a\u6708\u304b\u3089\uff11\u30ab\u6708\u304c\u7d4c\u904e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u898b\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000On the other hand, the use of solar heat has been shown to be effective in controlling major diseases of spinach, including fungicide temperature and time, and has also been shown to be effective in weed control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Here, we decided to examine more effective and labor-saving fertilization and soil disinfection methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction of no-till cultivation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In recent years, no-tillage cultivation of various crops has been reported to investigate their growth and changes in soil physical properties. Kaneda et al. reported that no-till cultivation of rice in heavy clay soil (reclaimed land at Hachiro Lagoon) resulted in better drainage than tillage cultivation because the subsoil structure was more developed. In addition, in order to maintain the effect of soil disinfection in highland Chinese cabbage and lettuce cultivation in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, a second crop of seedlings was planted without tillage by mulching the entire surface, and the seedlings were grown in a stable manner.
The yield of the plant was about 1.5 times higher than the previous year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The above mentioned facts show that no-till cultivation is possible without losing the disinfection effect of soil tillage by encapsulating fertilizer (LP30) and seeds in seed tapes that match the nitrogen absorption pattern of spinach, and that delays in fertilization, tillage, and foot-building can be avoided, and as a result, the foot-building surface due to soil shrinkage in the summer can be securely recognized and the effects of soil disinfection and weed control can be recognized and sustained. As a result, cracks on the surface of the ridge caused by soil shrinkage in summer can be eliminated, and the effects of soil disinfection and weed control can be recognized reliably and sustained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Example of rational spinach cultivation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u65bd\u8a2d\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u590f\u5834\uff08\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u6642\u671f\uff09\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u3042\u3089\u304b\u3058\u3081\u571f\u58cc\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u4ed5\u4e8b\u91cf\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\uff0c\u64ad\u7a2e\u6642\u671f\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\uff08\u6bb5\u64ad\u304d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b)\u3002
(2) Apply organic matter and fertilizers as necessary according to the results of soil analysis and tillage.
(iii) Establish a footing and irrigate well.
\u2463 \u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u306e\u5916\u58c1\u53ca\u3073\u7566\u9762\u3092\u5bc6\u9589\u3057\uff0c15\u65e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u6d88\u6bd2\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002\u5730\u6e29\u306f\u8868\u5c64\uff08\uff15cm\uff09\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u6bba\u83cc\u52b9\u679c\u3082\u5927\u304d\u3044\u304c\uff0c\u6df1\u304f\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u52a3\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff13\u2212\uff11)\u3002
\u2464 \u8015\u8d77\u305b\u305a\u306b\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u72b6\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u53ca\u3073\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u3067\u5730\u4e0b3cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u57cb\u8a2d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5730\u8868\u9762\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u307b\u3069\uff0c\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u6d88\u6bd2\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u4e0d\u8015\u8d77\u571f\u58cc\u306b\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u3067\u7a2e\u5b50\u3068\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u57cb\u8a2d\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b7\u30fc\u30c9\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u6cd5\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u306f\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u7d20\u6750\uff08\u30db\u30bb\u30c8\u30f3\uff09\u3068\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5206\u89e3\u7d20\u6750\uff08\u30e1\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30ed\u30f3\uff09\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u306f\u6c34\u306b\u6d78\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3059\u3050\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u6eb6\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u30e1\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u7a2e\u5b50\u3068LP30\u3092\u5c01\u5165\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u6c34\u306b\u6d78\u6f2c\u3057\u5438\u6c34\u3055\u305b\u305f\u5f8c\uff0c30\u2103\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u52a0\u6e29\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u50ac\u82bd\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002
(6) During the growing period, check soil moisture (irrigation), pests and weeds, and take actions as necessary.
\u2466 \u53ce\u7a6b\u306f\u8449\u957720\u339d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u958b\u59cb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u53ce\u7a6b\u306e\u80fd\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u751f\u80b2\u3092\u5747\u4e00\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff15cm\u523b\u307f\u306b\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u64ad\u7a2e\uff08\u5c01\u5165\uff09\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u3000 \u3000\u301c\u301c\u301c\u301c\u301c\u301c\u301c\u301c\u301c one work completed
\u2467 \u4e8c\u4f5c\u76ee\uff0c\u4e09\u4f5c\u76ee\uff0c\u56db\u4f5c\u76ee\u306e\u64ad\u7a2e\u524d\u306b\u96d1\u8349\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u8efd\u304f\u9664\u8349\u3057\uff0c\u518d\u3073\u2464\uff0c\u2465\uff0c\u2466\u306e\u9806\u3067\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000After one crop, three more crops were grown in no-tillage to investigate changes in soil hardness at the surface and below (in the root zone area).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\uff11\u4f5c\u5f8c\u306f\u4e21\u8005\u3068\u3082\u306b\u8015\u8d77\u5f8c\u3088\u308a\u3082\u786c\u304f\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306f\u5730\u4e0b10cm\u3088\u308a\u3082\u9855\u8457\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\uff12\u4f5c\u5f8c\uff0c\uff13\u4f5c\u5f8c\uff0c\uff14\u4f5c\u5f8c\u3068\u3055\u3089\u306b\u786c\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u8868\u571f\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5730\u4e0b10cm\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u67d4\u3089\u304b\u3044\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3082\u5909\u5316\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305a\uff0c\u6839\u53ca\u3073\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u304c\u52a3\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff14\u2212\uff11)\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u6625\u304b\u3089\u683d\u57f9\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u8868\u5c64\u306e\u571f\u304c\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u6b21\u4f5c\uff08\u590f\u4f5c\uff09\u306e\u7566\u8868\u9762\u306b\u4e80\u88c2\u304c\u751f\u305a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Introduction of no-till cultivation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Since fertilizer is applied before sowing, the accumulation of fertilizer components in the soil tends to increase and the balance of components is easily disturbed if the number of plantings of spinach in a facility is too frequent. Therefore, the soil should be checked once every two to three years, and if there is a deficiency, the component should be replaced, but if there is an excess and the component balance is disturbed, it should not be replaced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The appropriate time to start anniversary cultivation is mid-July to mid-August, when solar disinfection is more likely to be effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Actual cultivation repeats steps (4), (5), and (6).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30b7\u30fc\u30c9\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5c01\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7a2e\u5b50\u3068LP30\u3092\u571f\u58cc\u306b\u57cb\u8a2d\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u306a\u6f45\u6c34\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u8349\u4e0820cm\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3067\u53ce\u7a6b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u3088\u304f\u884c\u3046\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u683d\u690d\u5bc6\u5ea6\u304c\u9069\u6b63\u3067\uff0c\u767a\u82bd\u7387\u53ca\u3073\u682a\u7acb\u7387\u3092\u9650\u308a\u306a\u304f100%\u306b\u8fd1\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\uff0c\u5438\u6c34\u53ca\u3073\u50ac\u82bd\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u3057\uff0c\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u53ce\u7a6b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7a2e\u5b50\u53ca\u3073LP30\u3092\u30b7\u30fc\u30c9\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\uff08\u3059\u3050\u306b\u6c34\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u306a\u3044\uff09\u306b\u5c01\u5165\u3057\uff0c\u5438\u6c34\u30fb\u50ac\u82bd\u51e6\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63d0\u6848\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\uff0c\u4f4e\u6e29\u3084\u4e7e\u71e5\u306b\u3088\u308a\u51fa\u82bd\u4fc3\u9032\u53ca\u3073\u767a\u82bd\u63c3\u3044\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3084\u751f\u80b2\u671f\u9593\u306e\u77ed\u7e2e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u4f5c\u696d\u306e\u7701\u529b\u5316\u306b\u3082\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\uff08\u8868\uff14\u2212\uff12\uff0c\u8868\uff14\u2212\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000If the surface soil is hard due to no-tillage and cannot be uniformly buried in the soil with the tape seeder, a plow specially designed for this machine can be installed to improve the accuracy of the operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u5438\u53ce\u306b\u5408\u3063\u305f\u88ab\u8986\u5c3f\u7d20\uff08LP30\uff09\u3068\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u30b7\u30fc\u30c9\u30c6\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5c01\u5165\u3057\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\uff13cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u57cb\u8a2d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\uff08\u7279\u306b\u725b\u7cde\u5806\u80a5\uff09\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u6210\u5206\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u3088\u304f\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u3092\u8457\u3057\u304f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8015\u8d77\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u571f\u58cc\u6d88\u6bd2\u53ca\u3073\u96d1\u8349\u9632\u9664\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u5f97\u3089\u308c\uff0c\u7701\u529b\u5316\u53ca\u3073\u4f5c\u696d\u6642\u9593\u306e\u77ed\u7e2e\u304c\u56f3\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The same effect as seed tape can be obtained by using a vacuum seeding machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u798f\u4e95\u770c\uff0c\u65b0\u6f5f\u770c\uff0c\u5bcc\u5c71\u770c\uff0c\u77f3\u5ddd\u770c\u3000\u5730\u57df\u91cd\u8981\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u958b\u767a\u4fc3\u9032\u4e8b\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3000\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u6d3b\u7528\u578b\u8fb2\u696d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u751f\u7523\u5b89\u5b9a\u6280\u8853\u3000\u798f\u4e95\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3000(1993)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u8fb2\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3000\u8fb2\u82b8\u5316\u5b66\u90e8\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u80a5\u6599\u79d1
\u3000\u77ed\u671f\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u571f\u58cc\u6d88\u6bd2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9732\u5730\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u7acb\u67af\u75c5\u30fb\u6839\u8150\u75c5\u306e\u8efd\u6e1b\u5bfe\u7b56\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u80a5\u6599\u79d1\u8a66\u9a13\u6210\u7e3e\uff081989\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u677e\u672c\u7f8e\u679d\u5b50\u3000\u65bd\u8a2d\u30db\u30a6\u30ec\u30f3\u30bd\u30a6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65bd\u80a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u885353\uff0810\uff09447\u2212451\uff081998\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u5bae\u5143\u53f2\u767b\u3000\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u751f\u7523\u6280\u8853\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3000\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6280\u8853\u5bcc\u5c71\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc \u91ce\u83dc\u8a66\u9a13\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\uff081996)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u65b0\u6f5f\u770c\uff0c\u5bcc\u5c71\u770c\uff0c\u77f3\u5ddd\u770c\u3000\u5730\u57df\u91cd\u8981\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u958b\u767a\u4fc3\u9032\u4e8b\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3000\u5317\u9678\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u751f\u7523\u6280\u8853\u4f53\u7cfb\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3000\u65b0\u6f5f\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff081999\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u5e84\u5b50\u8c9e\u592b\u76e3\u4fee\u3000\u79cb\u7530\u770c\u5927\u6f5f\u6751\u3067\u5b9f\u8df5\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6c34\u7530\u8fb2\u6cd5\u3000\u79cb\u7530\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u5927\u6f5f\u8fb2\u5834\uff082001\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u25cf\u6771\u4eac\u8fd1\u90ca\u91ce\u83dc\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u7de8\u3000\u8edf\u5f31\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u8fb2\u8015\u3068\u5712\u82b8\u3000\uff16\u6708\u53f7\u5225\u518a\uff081997\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early Cultivated Rice 'Koshihikari' in
\u88ab\u819c\u5d29\u58ca\u6027\u6539\u826f\u578b\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u52b9\u679c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kochi Agricultural Technology Center
Crops and Horticulture Division, Paddy Crops
\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u6b66\u7530\u3000\u4fca\u4e5f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In paddy rice cultivation in Kochi Prefecture, slow-release fertilizers are widely used, in which fertilizer is coated with resin to control nitrogen leaching. However, this slow-release fertilizer has an environmental impact problem, because the residue of the film shells after leaching is likely to flow out of the paddy fields into rivers and the sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Recently, a new, easily collapsible film has been developed, and J-Coat, a slow-release fertilizer coated with this film, is expected to contribute to early collapse in the paddy field (Figure 1) and to prevent runoff from the paddy field by inhibiting surfacing during rice paddling. However, J-Coat tends to leach fertilizer nitrogen slightly faster than the conventional fertilizer, Emcoat 777, and there is concern that there may be a difference in fertilizer application effectiveness between these fertilizers.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\uff0c2020\u5e74\u30682021\u5e74\u306b\uff0c\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3068\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u8868\uff11\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u5408\uff09\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306e\u2018\u30b3\u30b7\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u2019\u306e\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u53ce\u91cf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u54c1\u8cea\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\uff0c\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u5408\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2. materials and methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Testing Method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u9ad8\u77e5\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff08\u9ad8\u77e5\u770c\u5357\u56fd\u5e02\u5eff\u679d\uff09\u306e\u6c34\u7530\u307b\u5834\u3067\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4f9b\u8a66\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u2018\u30b3\u30b7\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u2019\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f9b\u8a66\u80a5\u6599\u306f\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u5408\u3068\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u8868\uff11)\u3002 \u65bd\u80a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u5074\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u306f\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u54085.2g\/\u33a1\uff0c\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777 5.6g\/\u33a1\uff0c2021\u5e74\u3067\u306f\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u54085.7g\/\u33a1\uff0c\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777 6.4g\/\u33a1\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff11)\u3002\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u30824\u67087\u65e5\u306b\u683d\u690d\u5bc6\u5ea618.5\u682a\/\u33a1\u3067\u6a5f\u68b0\u79fb\u690d\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Survey Method<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u30002020\u5e74\u306b\u306f\uff15\u670825\u65e5\u304b\u3089\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306b\u306f\uff15\u670813\u65e5\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u3052\u3064\u671f\u9803\u307e\u3067\u7d04\uff17\u65e5\u304a\u304d\u306b\u8349\u4e08\uff0c\u830e\u6570\uff0c\u8449\u8272\uff08SPAD\u5024\uff09\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c2020\u5e74\u306f\u5404\u533a10\u682a\uff0c\uff12\u53cd\u5fa9\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306f\u5404\u533a20\u682a\uff0c\uff12\u53cd\u5fa9\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\uff12\u30f6\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u6210\u719f\u671f\u306e\u7a08\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\uff0c\u8449\u8272\uff08SPAD\u5024\uff09\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u5343\u7c92\u91cd\uff0c\u6574\u7c92\u7c92\u6bd4\uff08\u7a40\u7c92\u5224\u5225\u5668RGQI10A)\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u7387\uff08\u8fd1\u8d64\u5916\u5206\u6790\u8a08 NIRFlex N\u2212500) \u3092\u5404\u533a20\u682a\uff0c\uff13\u53cd\u5fa9\u3067\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results and Discussion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Year 2020<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e21\u533a\u306e\u8349\u4e08\uff0c\u830e\u6570\uff0c\u8449\u8272\uff08SPAD\u5024\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u79fb\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\uff16\u6708\uff18\u65e5\u307e\u3067\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002
\u3000\u6210\u719f\u671f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\uff0c\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u5408\u533a\u3067\u7a08\u9577\u304c\u77ed\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\uff0c\u7a42\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\uff0c\u8449\u8272\uff08SPAD\u5024)\uff0c\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u5343\u7c92\u91cd\uff0c\u6574\u7c92\u7c92\u6bd4\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306b\u306f\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6709\u610f\u306a\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff12)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2) Year 2021<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\uff0c\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u5408\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306f\u79fb\u690d\u4ee5\u964d\uff16\u6708\uff12\u65e5\u307e\u3067\u77ed\u304f\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\uff15\u670826\u65e5\u307e\u3067\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u8449\u8272\uff08SPAD\u5024\uff09\u306f\u79fb\u690d\u5f8c\u304b\u3089\uff16\u6708\uff12\u65e5\u307e\u3067\u3084\u3084\u4f4e\u304f\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002\u6210\u719f\u671f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u65b0\u30a8\u30e0\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8777\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\uff0c\uff2a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c8\u8907\u5408\u533a\u3067\u306f\u8449\u8272\uff08SPAD\u5024\uff09\u306f\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\uff0c\u7a08\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\uff0c\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u5343\u7c92\u91cd\uff0c\u6574\u7c92\u7c92\u6bd4\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306b\u306f\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6709\u610f\u306a\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff12)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000These results indicate that in the early cultivation of 'Koshihikari', there were no differences in yield and quality between J-coat composite and new M-coat 777, although there were differences in plant height, number of stems, and leaf color (SPAD value) up to the maximum tillering stage and in culm length and leaf color (SPAD value) at maturity between the two cultivars. However, there were no differences in yield and quality. It is necessary to study the effect of J-Coat on fertilizer application in normal-season cultivation, which has different climatic conditions from early-season cultivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - Part 17
\u690d\u7269\u304c\u6c34\u3068\u990a\u5206\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u3057\u304f\u307f
-Absorb necessary substances and eliminate unnecessary ones.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots. However, the mechanism is not as simple as taking in substances dissolved in soil water (soil solution) into the roots at the same time as the solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. plant cells surrounded by cell membrane and cell wall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u690d\u7269\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u306f\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3067\u56f2\u307e\u308c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u306f\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u3067\u5305\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The cell wall is a colander-like mesh structure, through which water (in this case, pure H2O as a solvent for dissolving substances in the soil solution) as well as nutrient ions and many other substances dissolved in the soil solution can freely pass. ), as well as nutrient ions and many other substances dissolved in the soil solution. Substances that have passed through the cell wall ride the flow of water in the plant body created by leaf transpiration and reach the endodermis surrounding the central column of the root (Fig. 1, (4), where cells are connected one by one to form a ring). This is the migration path shown in Fig. 1 (i). Up to this point, the water and nutrient ions have not yet entered the inner cell membrane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. the last barrier to entry into the cell membrane - the caspary line<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5185\u76ae\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u306f\uff0c\u30ab\u30b9\u30d1\u30ea\u30fc\u7dda\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d44\u7e54\u3067\u30ea\u30dc\u30f3\u3092\u304b\u3051\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5e2f\u72b6\u306b\u56f2\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002\u56f3\uff11\u306e\u2460\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3067\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u6c34\u3084\u990a\u5206\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u30ab\u30b9\u30d1\u30ea\u30fc\u7dda\u306b\u5230\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u3053\u3053\u3067\u305b\u304d\u6b62\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u4e2d\u5fc3\u67f1\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30ab\u30b9\u30d1\u30ea\u30fc\u7dda\u306f\uff0c\u6728\u6750\u306e\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u30ea\u30b0\u30cb\u30f3\u3084\u8102\u8cea\u306e\u4e00\u7a2e\u30b9\u30d9\u30ea\u30f3\u304c\u84c4\u7a4d\u3057\u3066\u3067\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u3092\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u901a\u904e\u3055\u305b\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u2460\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3068\u306f\u5225\u306b\uff0c\u6c34\u3084\u990a\u5206\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u304c\uff0c\u3044\u304d\u306a\u308a\u6839\u6bdb\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3057\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u4e2d\u3092\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u3082\u3042\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11\u306e\u2461\u306e\u7d4c\u8def)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u306b\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3067\u819c\u306e\u5185\u5074\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u304c\u5224\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u819c\u5185\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7269\u8cea\u3060\u3051\u304c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u96a3\u308a\u5408\u3046\u7d30\u80de\u3078\u306f\u539f\u5f62\u8cea\u9023\u7d61\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d30\u80de\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u6e9d\u3092\u901a\u904e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d4c\u8def\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u306b\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u5185\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u3082\u901a\u904e\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u67f1\u306e\u9053\u7ba1\u306e\u5074\u307e\u3067\u79fb\u52d5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The problem is how it is allowed to enter the plasma membrane when it attempts to pass through the endothelial cell caspary line in pathway (1) and when it first passes through the plasma membrane in pathway (2), respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. cell membrane function and water absorption
\u3000-Osmotic pressure and transport proteins (aquaporins)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u306f\uff0c\u89aa\u6c34\u57fa\u3068\u758e\u6c34\u57fa\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30ea\u30f3\u8102\u8cea\u304c\uff0c\u758e\u6c34\u57fa\u3092\u96a3\u308a\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u4e8c\u91cd\u5c64\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002\u56f3\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u819c\u3092\u8cab\u901a\u3059\u308b\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u304c\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3092\u8cab\u901a\u3059\u308b\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306f\u8f38\u9001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3067\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u8f38\u9001\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u306f\u305f\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Since the plasma membrane holds a variety of intracellular substances, the concentration of substances is generally high inside the plasma membrane and low outside the membrane. If the cell membrane is a totally permeable membrane, such as the cell wall, which allows all substances to pass through, nutrient ions would normally be released from the inside of the cell, where the concentration is high, to the outside of the membrane, where the concentration is low, by diffusion through a concentration gradient. This makes the nutrient ions unavailable as nutrients. For this reason, the cell membrane is a semipermeable membrane that allows the solvent water to pass through, but not the solute nutrient ions or other substances. At this time, water enters and is absorbed by the highly concentrated inner side of the cell membrane to eliminate the difference in concentration between the inside and outside of the cell membrane. The pressure generated by this difference in concentration between the inside and outside of the semipermeable membrane is osmotic pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\uff0c\u6d78\u900f\u5727\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6c34\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\u9045\u304f\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u306e\u6c34\u8981\u6c42\u3092\u5341\u5206\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3092\u88dc\u3046\u6c34\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u304c\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\uff08\u6c34\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\uff09\u3067\uff0c\u6c34\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u901f\u3044\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c34\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\u304c10\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\uff08\u5e73\u6ca2\uff0c2016)\u3002\u690d\u7269\u304c\u571f\u58cc\u6eb6\u6db2\u304b\u3089\u6c34\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u4e3b\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. How nutrients cross the cell membrane - active transport by transport proteins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Transport proteins are also responsible for the entry of nutrient ions dissolved in the soil solution into the plasma membrane. Nutrient ions, which are solutes in the soil solution, cannot pass through the cell membrane, which is a semipermeable membrane. Moreover, since there is a concentration gradient between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane, nutrient ions must enter the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient in order to be absorbed. This is made possible by the function of transport proteins that penetrate the plasma membrane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000These transport proteins do not freely transport any substance, but have their own specific transport partners. As already mentioned, water is transported by aquaporin, a water-specific transport protein. Ammonium ions, the nutrient ions of nitrogen, have a transport protein (ammonium ion transporter) that is responsible for their passage through the membrane. Plants are able to selectively take up only the nutrient ions they need from a soil solution containing various substances (selective absorption) because each transport protein has the property of transporting its own counterpart. At this time, there are also transport proteins that generate energy to transport nutrient ions from the outside to the inside of the membrane against the concentration gradient (active transport).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Thus, plants skillfully selectively absorb only water and nutrient ions from substances dissolved in the soil solution around their roots, eliminating unwanted substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. the final step in nutrient absorption is transfer to the ducts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Absorbed water and nutrient ions do not remain in the root cells. The absorbed water and nutrient ions are transferred to the various parts of the plant body, such as the stem and leaves. This is done through ducts. Since ducts are pipes for transport, they are the outer tissues of the plasma membrane and consist mainly of cell walls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u5185\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306b\u5165\u3063\u305f\u6c34\u3084\u990a\u5206\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\uff0c\u518d\u3073\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5916\u3078\u51fa\u3066\u9053\u7ba1\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11\u306e\u2464\u306e\u79fb\u52d5)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u8f38\u9001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306f\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5185\u306b\u5165\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8f38\u9001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u5225\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Thus, water and nutrient ions that reach the ducts move to the plant organs where they are needed, where they are used as nutrients and converted into substances that nourish the plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

General Index of Previous Editions of this Journal in 2022<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff11\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Responsibility of fertilizer manufacturers to contribute to agriculture
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5e38\u52d9\u57f7\u884c\u5f79\u54e1\u3000\u52dd\u5442\u3000\u4fca\u884c
\u00a7 Sakai Farm built by our predecessors (No.3)
\u3000\u301c120\u5e74\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u2212\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\u304b\u3089\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b
\u3000\u54c1\u7a2e\u30fb\u80a5\u6599\u7b49\u306e\u5909\u9077\u301c
\u3000JA\u798f\u4e95\u770c\u3000\u5742\u4e95\u8fb2\u5834
\u3000\u524d\u8fb2\u5834\u9577\u3000\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u3000\u5f70
No \u00a7 Soil - No. 8
\u3000Conditions for Good Soil Chemical Properties - Part 3
\u3000\u9069\u5ea6\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u990a\u5206
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff12\u6708\u30fb\uff13\u6708\u5408\u4f75\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7Experience high-yield technology using a combination of side-row fertilizer application and seedling box placement.
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u6771\u5317\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u4e0a\u91ce\u3000\u6b63\u592b
No \u00a7 Soil - No. 9
\u3000Conditions for Good Soil Chemical Properties - Part 4
\u3000\u571f\u304c\u990a\u5206\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3057\u304f\u307f
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff14\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u8fb2\u696d\u9023\u52d5\u571f\u3065\u304f\u308a\u30fb\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u578b\u57fa\u80a5\u4e00\u767a\u53ef\u5909\u65bd\u80a5\u4f53\u7cfb\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e3b\u98df\u7528\u7c73\u306e\u591a\u53ce\u6280\u8853\u306e\u958b\u767a
\u3000\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u30e0\u30fb\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u3000\u53d6\u7de0\u5f79\u4f1a\u9577
\u3000\u5c71\u5f62\u5927\u5b66\u8fb2\u5b66\u90e8\u3000\u5ba2\u54e1\u6559\u6388\u3000\u85e4\u4e95\u3000\u5f18\u5fd7
No \u00a7 Soil - No. 10
\u3000Summary of Good Soil Conditions
\u3000\u2212\u3069\u3093\u306a\u571f\u3067\u3082\u5fc5\u305a\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff15\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u8336\u5712\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u52b9\u7387\u5411\u4e0a\u3068\u7701\u529b\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853\u306e\u78ba\u7acb
\u3000\u9759\u5ca1\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6240
\u3000\u8336\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3000\u8336\u74b0\u5883\u9069\u5fdc\u6280\u8853\u79d1
\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u5c0f\u91ce\u3000\u5d69\u77e5
\u00a7\u4e8c\u6761\u5927\u9ea6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5
\u3000\u5927\u5206\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u5c0e\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u3000\u6c34\u7530\u8fb2\u696d\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3000\u6e05\u7530\u3000\u68a8\u83ef
No \u00a7 Soil - No.11
\u3000Compost emerged as a nutrient transfer material.
\u3000\u2212\u990a\u5206\u306e\u88dc\u7d66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff16\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Nutrient water absorption and its transfer between day and night in tomatoes
\u3000\u5143 \u5ca1\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u3000\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u3000\u685d\u7530\u3000\u6b63\u6cbb
No \u00a7 Soil - No.12
\u3000Manure Effectiveness and Soil Conditions
\u3000\u2212\u571f\u306e\u9ed2\u3055\u304c\u6c7a\u3081\u624b\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff17\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30af\u30e9\u30e1\u30f3\u306e\u7701\u529b\u683d\u57f9\u6280\u8853
\u3000\u9577\u91ce\u770c\u91ce\u83dc\u82b1\u304d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3000\u82b1\u304d\u90e8\u3000\u68ee\u91ce\u3000\u6797\u592a\u90ce
No \u00a7 Soil - No.13
\u3000Types of Organic Substance Materials and Their Effects
\u3000\u2212C\/N\u6bd4\u304c\u8981\u70b9\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff18\u6708\u30fb\uff19\u6708\u5408\u4f75\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u9732\u5730\u590f\u79cb\u3069\u308a\u306d\u304e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88ab\u8986\u71d0\u785d\u5b89\u3068\u30ea\u30f3\u9178\u8cea\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u30dd\u30c3\u30c8\u5185\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853
\u3000\u5730\u65b9\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u4eba\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u7acb\u7dcf\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb
\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u672c\u90e8\u3000\u9053\u5357\u8fb2\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834
\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u3000\u751f\u7523\u6280\u8853\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7
\u3000\u4e3b\u4efb\u4e3b\u67fb\uff08\u683d\u57f9\u74b0\u5883\uff09\u3000\u5927\u6a4b\u3000\u512a\u4e8c
\u00a7\u4e0a\u76ca\u57ce\u5730\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8fb2\u5354\u55b6\u8fb2\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5909\u9077\u3068\u79c1\u306e\u51fa\u5408
\u3000\u8fb2\u4e8b\u7d44\u5408\u6cd5\u4eba\u3000\u304b\u3057\u307e\u5e83\u57df\u8fb2\u5834\u3000\u5de5\u85e4\u3000\u5065\u4e00
No \u00a7 Soil - No. 14
\u3000Era of change in nutrient source from compost to chemical fertilizer
\u3000\u2212\u305d\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u7d4c\u7def\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c10\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u88ab\u8986\u80a5\u6599\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u751f\u614b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3068\u6392\u51fa\u91cf
\u3000\u8fb2\u7814\u6a5f\u69cb\u8fb2\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u9580\u3000\u4e0a\u7d1a\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u6c38\u4e95\u3000\u5b5d\u5fd7
\u00a7\u4e2d\u83ef\u3081\u3093\u7528\u5c0f\u9ea6\u300c\u30e9\u30fc\u9ea6\u300d\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u5b50\u5b9f\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u542b\u6709\u7387\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7701\u529b\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5
\u3000\u798f\u5ca1\u770c\u98ef\u585a\u8fb2\u6797\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3000\u98ef\u585a\u666e\u53ca\u6307\u5c0e\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3000\u77f3\u4e38\u3000\u77e5\u9053
No \u00a7 Soil - No. 15
\u3000Wheat growth in a field where only chemical fertilizers are used
\u3000\u2212\u5806\u80a5\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7551\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c11\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Environmentally friendly spinach cultivation methods (Part 1)
\u3000\u5143 \u5bcc\u5c71\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3000\u677e\u672c\u3000\u7f8e\u679d\u5b50
\u00a7\u30aa\u30bf\u30cd\u30cb\u30f3\u30b8\u30f3\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u7701\u529b\u5316\u30fb\u751f\u7523\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u6280\u8853\u958b\u767a
\u3000\u8fb2\u7814\u6a5f\u69cb\u3000\u6771\u5317\u8fb2\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u4e0a\u7d1a\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u4e45\u4fdd\u3000\u5805\u53f8
No \u00a7 Soil - Part 16
\u3000Comparing the Effects of Compost and Chemical Fertilizers
\u3000\u2212\u5171\u901a\u70b9\u3068\u3061\u304c\u3044\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c12\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Environmentally friendly spinach cultivation methods (Part 2)
\u3000\u5143 \u5bcc\u5c71\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3000\u677e\u672c\u3000\u7f8e\u679d\u5b50
\u00a7\u65e9\u671f\u683d\u57f9\u6c34\u7a32\u2018\u30b3\u30b7\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u2019\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88ab\u819c\u5d29\u58ca\u6027\u6539\u826f\u578b\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u52b9\u679c
\u3000\u9ad8\u77e5\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3000\u4f5c\u7269\u5712\u82b8\u8ab2
\u3000\u6c34\u7530\u4f5c\u7269\u62c5\u5f53\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u6b66\u7530\u3000\u4fca\u4e5f
No \u00a7 Soil - Part 17
\u3000How plants absorb water and nutrients
\u3000\u2212\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u7269\u8cea\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u3057\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u7269\u8cea\u306f\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u2212
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a72022 General Table of Previous Editions of this Journal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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