{"id":3900,"date":"2024-10-15T21:20:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T12:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3900"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:51:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T07:51:47","slug":"%e7%ac%ac741%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802022-r04-6%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c741\u53f7\u30002022-r04-6\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c741\u53f7\u30002022(R04).06\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7 Nutrient water absorption and its transfer between day and night in tomatoes
Former Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
\u685d\u7530\u3000\u6b63\u6cbb<\/a>
No \u00a7 Soil - No.12
\u5806\u80a5\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u73fe\u308c\u65b9\u3068\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6
\u2212\u571f\u306e\u9ed2\u3055\u304c\u6c7a\u3081\u624b\u2212
Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nutrient water absorption and its transfer during day and night in tomato<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Former Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
\u685d\u7530\u3000\u6b63\u6cbb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Living organisms on the earth live in a natural day-night cycle. The earth rotates around the sun once a year, but because the axis of rotation around the south and north poles is tilted 23.5 degrees from the so-called orbital plane, the length of day and night and temperature change in mid-latitude regions such as Japan, resulting in four seasons. Many plants flower and bear fruit in response to these day lengths and temperatures. In low-latitude regions near the equator, where the earth's rotation and revolution are on the same orbit, the four seasons do not occur, and day and night repeat at approximately 12-12 hours per day. In this region, there are wet and dry seasons, and many plants flower in response to the rain. The desert is home to many succulent plants, some of which store water like cacti, while others, like the baobab, store water in their trunks, shedding their leaves during the dry season and growing more leaves during the rainy season. Thus, it can be said that plants on earth have evolved by adapting to their natural environment, including light, temperature, and water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The various forms found in the above-ground part of the plant are only possible through the maintenance of the individual organism, and its survival would not be possible without the presence of roots. Roots receive photosynthetic products from the above-ground parts, and they also transfer water and nutrients to the above-ground parts. The flow of water is shown in Figure 1. Roots absorb water attracted to the soil (called water potential, the value of which is always negative) and raise the water from the stem to the leaves, where the water potential is lower. Rather than being lifted, the water is pulled up by the transpiration force generated by the water potential of the leaves. The water evaporates from the leaf and cools the leaf surface as heat of vaporization. At this time, the various nutrients dissolved in water in the form of ions are distributed to the various parts of the plant. The water flow in the plant differs greatly from day to night.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u3000This paper is a review of how root nutrient uptake and translocation changes in response to the day-night environment of the above-ground zone, mainly based on the author's previous research, citing the literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. daytime and nighttime stem and root elongation and fruit enlargement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u830e\u306e\u4f38\u9577\u306f\uff0c\u65e5\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u898b\u308b\u3068\u663c\u9593\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591c\u9593\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f70\u301c80%\u306f\u591c\u9593\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c25\uff09<\/sup>\uff0c\u830e\u306e\u76f4\u5f84\u306f\u663c\u9593\u306b\u7e2e\u3080\uff08\u56f3\uff12) \u3002\u663c\u9593\u306b\u7e2e\u3080\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u30d6\u30c9\u30a6\u3067\u3082\u7aef\u7684\u306b\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b4)<\/sup>\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u830e\u7d44\u7e54\u3067\u306e\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u304c\u663c\u9593\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u81a8\u5727\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3002\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u679c\u5f84\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u663c\u9593\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u305713\u6642\u9803\u306b\u306f\u6700\u4f4e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff13) \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u3000The author placed tomato seedlings on a sloping tin plate, continuously poured nutrient solution at 24\u00b0C, and measured the roots growing under the black sheet at 6:00 am and 6:00 pm.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u3000\u524d\u5831\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u8003\u5bdf\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u8a66\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u8a66\u9a13\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b12)<\/sup>\uff0c\u6839\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u9001\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308b\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c34\u3084\u990a\u5206\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u306b\u5fdc\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u5927\u7389\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u304c\u7b2c\uff13\u679c\u623f\u307e\u3067\u7740\u679c\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u679c\u5b9f\u3092\u6458\u679c\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c12\u65e5\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u6839\u306e\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u682a\u306e\uff13\u5272\u5897\u3057\uff0c\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u306eNO3<\/sub>\u2212N\uff0cCa\uff0cMg\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u6025\u843d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6458\u679c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3089\uff15) <\/sup>\u6210\u5206\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08n\/w\uff0c\u5f8c\u8ff0\uff09\u304c\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u5897\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0cP\u3068K\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306b\u5909\u5316\u306f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304413)<\/sup>\u3002\u6210\u5206\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5438\u53ce\u306e\u901f\u5ea6\u304c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u7406\u7531\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4eca\u306a\u304a\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u585a\u672c\u308923\uff09<\/sup>\u306f\u975e\u7834\u58ca\u3067\u690d\u7269\u751f\u4f53\u5185\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308bPositron\u0002emitting Tracer Imaging System(PETIS) \u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u5074\u679d\u8449\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3057\u305f11<\/sup>CO2<\/sub>\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u753b\u50cf\u304b\u3089\u5074\u679d\u8449\u306e\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u306e\u5bc4\u4e0e\u7387\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u672c\u624b\u6cd5\u306f\u6458\u8449\u3084\u6458\u679c\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6839\u3067\u306e\u990a\u5206\u52d5\u614b\u89e3\u6790\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3082\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\uff0c\u4eca\u5f8c\u5927\u3044\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. leaf and fruit water potentials during day and night<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

-The appearance of the fruit...<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000As mentioned earlier, transpiration from plant leaves decreases the water potential in the body. This creates water absorption, and water is drawn up through conduits as mass flow. Normal water potential decreases during the day and increases at night. However, even at night, the water potential is always negative and never positive. As shown in Figure 5, the water potential of tomato leaves reaches a minimum around 14:00 at -1.0 MPa and a maximum at midnight, regardless of the irrigation rate. It is widely known that fruit breakage occurs frequently, especially when rainfall occurs after drought, and techniques such as rain-fed cultivation have been widely used to prevent fruit breakage.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u3000\u592a\u753017\uff09<\/sup>\u306f\uff0c\u30df\u30cb\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u88c2\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8abf\u3079\uff0c\u65e9\u671d\u306e\uff15\u301c\uff17\u6642\u306b\u591a\u304f\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u9803\u306b\u679c\u5b9f\u306e\u6a2a\u5f84\u304c\u5897\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u88c2\u679c\u306b\u306f\u5727\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u5897\u5927\u306b\u3088\u308b\u679c\u5b9f\u306e\u81a8\u5f35\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u540c\u6c0f\u306f\u591c\u9593\u306b\u8449\u3067\u306e\u84b8\u6563\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308c\u3070\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u306e\u6c34\u6d41\u5165\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u306e\u8003\u3048\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u591c\u9593\u306b6000lux\u306e\u7167\u660e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\uff0c\u88c2\u679c\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u306e40%\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6291\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5b9f\u9a13\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u571f\u8015\u3068\u6c34\u8015\uff0c\u307e\u305f\u666e\u901a\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u3068\u30df\u30cb\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u56f3\uff15\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u8449\u306e\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u304c\u6700\u9ad8\u5024\u3068\u306a\u308b\u771f\u591c\u4e2d\u306e\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u3068\u88c2\u679c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u671d\u65b9\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u304d\uff0c\u4e21\u8005\u306b\u306f\u7d04\uff16\u6642\u9593\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30b0\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\uff16\u6642\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u679c\u8089\uff0c\u679c\u76ae\u7d44\u7e54\u3078\u306e\u6c34\u6d41\u5165\u306e\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u91cd\u6c34\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3088\u308a\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u88c2\u679c\u306e\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5236\u5fa1\u6280\u8853\u3082\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. day\/night nutrient absorption concentrations (n\/w) and nutrient transfer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7b46\u8005\u3089\u306f\uff0c\u5712\u8a66\u6a19\u6e96\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u663c\u591c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u990a\u5206\u5438\u53ce\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08n\/w\uff09\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\uff0c\u663c\u306f\u3069\u306e\u6210\u5206\u3082\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5024\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u591c\u306f\u663c\u9593\u306e2.2\u500d\u304b\u30893.7\u500d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30921984\u5e74\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u4f1a\u6625\u5b63\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u3002\u540c\u5927\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u5bfa\u6797\u3089\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u5438\u53ce\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3068\u306f\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u5c71\u5d0e\u308924\uff09<\/sup>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u63d0\u5531\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\uff0c\u5e83\u304f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u91ce\u83dc\u306e\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u6307\u91dd\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u3057\u305f\u6210\u5206\u91cf\uff08n\uff09\u3092\u6c34\u91cf\uff08w\uff09\u3067\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3067\uff0c\u901a\u5e38me\/\u2113\u3067\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6625\u5b63\u306b\u663c\u7528\u30086\uff1a00\u221218\uff1a00\u3009\u3068\u591c\u7528\u300818\uff1a00\u22126\uff1a00\u3009\u306e\u30dd\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u6a19\u6e96\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u3092\u5165\u308c\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u682a\u3092\u79fb\u3057\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff15\u65e5\u9593\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u990a\u6c34\u5206\u306en\/w\u5024\u3092\u56f3\uff16\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u663c\u9593\u306en\/w\u306f\u5f53\u521d\u306e\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5024\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u591c\u9593\u306en\/w\u306f\u3069\u306e\u6210\u5206\u3082\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\uff12\u301c\uff13\u500d\u3067\uff0c\u7279\u306bP\u306f\uff16\u500d\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3002\u5bfa\u6797\u308922\uff09<\/sup>\u3082\uff0c\u590f\u5b63\u306b\u663c\u95937\uff1a00\u221219\uff1a00\uff0c\u591c\u959319\uff1a00\u22127\uff1a00\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff14\u65e5\u9593\u682a\u3092\u79fb\u3057\u66ff\u3048\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\uff0cP\u306e\u591c\u9593\u5438\u53ce\u7387\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u6210\u5206\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Assuming X\u2113 of initial culture, Y\u2113 of liquid at the end, Z\u2113 of water surface evaporation during this period (blank area), a concentration before treatment, and b concentration after treatment, n\/w is expressed as (aX-bY) \/ (X-Y-Z). The fact that n\/w is higher at night strongly suggests that the concentration of xylem liquid transferred to the ground is also higher. Therefore, we cut stems of 1.5-month-old tomato plants at 10 cm from the ground and collected and analyzed the xylem secretions, and found that the amount of secretions at night was half that of daytime, the concentrations of NO3-N and K were higher during the daytime, and P, Ca, and Mg were higher during the nighttime. P, Ca, and Mg were found to be higher at night. In particular, K was 1.4 times higher in the daytime than in the nighttime, and P was 2.5 times higher in the nighttime than in the daytime (Table 1).<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u3000\u3055\u3089\u306b\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u3067\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u3092\u80b2\u306624\u6642\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\uff11\u6642\u9593\u6bce\u306b\u4e00\u682a\u305a\u3064\u830e\u3092\u5207\u9664\u3057\u306615\u5206\u9593\u63a1\u53d6\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u56de\u5e30\u66f2\u7dda\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066K\u306f\u671d\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u6b63\u5348\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cP\u306f\u5915\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u5348\u5f8c10\u6642\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f(14)<\/sup>The following is a list of the most common problems with the \"C\" in the \"C\" column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000To what extent does stem excision reduce the velocity of xylem fluid? A heat-pulse thermistor was inserted a few centimeters below the site of planned stem excision to measure the xylem flow velocity of 2-month-old tomato plants. After the stem was cut, the flow velocity decreased rapidly, reaching 18 cm\/h for the former and 6 cm\/h for the latter after 10 minutes, showing a gradual decrease with time (Figure 7).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u306b\uff0c\u6839\u304b\u3089\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u3078\u306e\u6c34\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\u84b8\u6563\u4f5c\u7528\u3068\u6839\u5727\u306e\u5f37\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f8b\u901f\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u84b8\u6563\u306e\u76db\u3093\u306a\u690d\u7269\u3067\u306f\u6839\u5727\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u7121\u8996\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\uff0c\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305d\u306e\u6839\u5727\u306f\u6839\u304b\u3089\u96e2\u308c\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u3064\u3044\u306b\u306f\u5168\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b18\uff09<\/sup>\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306f\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u90e810cm\u306e\u90e8\u4f4d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u84b8\u6563\u529b\u3068\u6839\u5727\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u6bd4\u7387\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u830e\u3092\u5207\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u3068\u84b8\u6563\u529b\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u6d41\u901f\u306f\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5024\u306f\u65e5\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u5207\u65ad\u524d\u306e\u7d041\/4\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u65e5\u4e2d\u306e\u6c34\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u90e8\u4f4d\u3067\u84b8\u6563\u529b\u304c\u7d0475%\uff0c\u6839\u5727\u304c\u7d0425%\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3067\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u306e\u6642\uff0c\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u306e\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u690d\u7269\u306e\u6728\u90e8\u6db2\u306e\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308a\u8b70\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\uff0cArmstrong\u3068Kirkby1)<\/sup>\u306f\u830e\u5207\u65ad\u5f8c15\u5206\u301c60\u5206\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6700\u3082\u826f\u3044\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u3089\u3082\u830e\u5207\u9664\u5f8c\uff0c15\u5206\u9593\u6bce\u306b\uff11\u6642\u9593\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u3092\u63a1\u53d6\u3057\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\uff0c\u5207\u9664\u5f8c\uff11\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306e\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306b\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5909\u5316\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u5024\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u6728\u90e8\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u305f9)<\/sup>\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u306a\u304a\u990a\u5206\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u3092\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u4e2d\u306e\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u830e\u306b\u5dee\u3057\u8fbc\u307f\u6728\u90e8\u6db2\u306e\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u306e\u958b\u767a\u7b49\u304c\u671b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. daytime and nighttime xylem secretion and culture medium concentrations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Assuming that water and nutrients are moving from the roots to the ground without retention, the concentration of secretion is equal to the concentration of absorption (n\/w). Of course, if we look at these over time, the former is a point analysis and the latter is a linear analysis, so the numerical values rarely coincide, but it is thought that the analytical values of secretion at midnight and noon will not be far from approximating the n\/w values at night or in the daytime. It is also a well-known fact that root nutrient water absorption varies with seedling age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u3053\u3067\uff11\uff0c\uff12\uff0c\uff13\u6708\u306b\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u3092\u64ad\u7a2e\u3057\u5712\u8a66\u51e6\u65b91\/2\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u3067\u683d\u57f9\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\uff15\u6708\u306b\u830e\u5207\u9664\u3057\uff0812\uff1a00\u30680\uff1a00\uff09\uff11\u6642\u9593\u63a1\u53d6\u306e\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6642\u306e\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u306e\u5206\u6790\u5024\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u6fc3\u7e2e\u4fc2\u6570\uff08XylemSapConcentration Factor (XSCF) \u3092\u6c42\u3081\u305f(\u8868\uff12) \u3002XSCF\u306f\uff0c\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3067\u9664\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3067\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306fRussel and Shorrocks20\uff09\u306eTranspiration stream concentration factor(TSCF) \u306b\u6e96\u3058\u3066\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u540d\u79f0\u3067\u3042\u308b9)<\/sup>The following is a list of the most common problems with the \"C\" in the \"C\" column.
\u3000\u3053\u308c\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u9f62\u304c\u9032\u307f\u6a39\u306e\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u91cf\u306f\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u9f62\u3067\u308212\uff1a00\u306f0\uff1a00\u306e\uff13\u301c\uff15\u500d\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u990a\u5206\u306eNO3<\/sub>\u2212N\uff0cCa\uff0cMg\u306f\u9f62\u304c\u9032\u3080\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066XSCF\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u7279\u306b\uff14\u304b\u6708\u9f62\u306e\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u3067\u306fCa\u3067\u663c0.7\uff0cMg\u3067\u663c0.5\uff0c\u591c0.6\u3068\uff11\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In contrast, the XSCF of P was as high as 2.1 during the day and 7.0 at night, even at 4 months of age, and was much higher at night. Conversely, the XSCF of K was 8.1 during the day and 5.6 at night, with daytime values much higher. The extremely high XSCF of K for both day and night may be due to the fact that the concentration of the culture medium at the time of analysis (2.5 me\/\u2113) had decreased to 1\/3 of the original concentration, as noted at the bottom of Table 2.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000As discussed above, the n\/w of each component is higher at night when water absorption is low and lower during the day when water absorption is high. In particular, the n\/w of P at night is 4 to 5 times higher than that in the daytime, much higher than the values of other components. Why is P absorbed more than other components even at night when water transfer is low? Among the multifaceted physiological functions of P, it may be because P is involved in cell division and proliferation, the formation of nucleic acids and cell membranes, and the production of ATP necessary for respiration, all of which take place constantly during the night, and are required to the same extent as during the day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0cK\u306en\/w\u306f\u591c\u9593\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305aXSCF\u306f\u663c\u9593\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u591c\u9593\u306e\u990a\u5206\u5438\u53ce\u3068\u305d\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u306b\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30b0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u990a\u5206\u306e\u4e2d\u3067K\u3060\u3051\u304c\u305d\u3046\u306a\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8003\u3048\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3002Ben Zioni\u30892)<\/sup>\u306f\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bK\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u6839\u3078\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u63d0\u5531\u3057\uff0cK\u306fNO3<\/sub>\u2212N \u306e\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u50cd\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u6839\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305fK\u304c\u518d\u3073\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u3078\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u306f\u751f\u80b2\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u6642\u3067\u8f38\u9001\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e20%\u3092\u5360\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff11, \uff17\uff09<\/sup>\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u3082\u6728\u90e8\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u306eK\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u660e\u3051\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c(14)<\/sup>\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u6839\u306b\u8ee2\u6d41\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305fK\u306e\u518d\u8ee2\u6d41\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u591c\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bP\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u3068\u663c\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bK\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u309232P\u306840K\uff08\u88fd\u9020\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u56f0\u96e3\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u3067\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u7ba1\u7406\u306b\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6709\u7528\u306a\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. last but not least - future prospects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u690d\u7269\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u306eme\u7dcf\u548c\uff08NH4<\/sub>\u207a\uff0bK\u207a\uff0bCa2<\/sup>\u207a\uff0bMg\uff12<\/sup>\u207a\uff0bNa\u207a\uff09\u304c\u30a2\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u306e\u7dcf\u548c\uff08NO3<\/sub>\u207b\uff0bSO4<\/sub>\uff12<\/sup>\u207b\uff0bH2<\/sub>PO4<\/sub>\u207b\uff0bCl\u207b\uff09\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u306f\u6839\u570f\u3078\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\uff08H\u207a\uff09\u3092\u6392\u51fa\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306epH\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u30db\u30e1\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30b7\u30b9\uff08\u6052\u5e38\u6027\uff09\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u904e\u5270\u306e\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u6709\u6a5f\u9178\u306e\u5408\u6210\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3066\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306epH\u306e\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b16)<\/sup>\u3002\u751f\u7269\u306e\u3082\u3064\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u80fd\u3082\u300c\u52d5\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u300d 3)<\/sup>\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u6728\u90e8\u6db2\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u30ab\u30c1\u30aa\u30f3\u2212\u30a2\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\uff0c\u591cP\u3068\u663cK\u306eXSCF\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u4f55\u304b\uff0c\u6839\u3078\u518d\u8ee2\u6d41\u3057\u3066\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u7aef\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff0c\u5927\u5909\u8208\u5473\u3042\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6839\u306e\u6c34\u900f\u904e\u6027\u306f\u65e5\u4e2d\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u591c\u9593\u306b\u4f4e\u3044\u65e5\u5468\u5909\u52d5\u3092\u793a\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u304c\u5bc6\u63a5\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u306f\u6697\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u6570\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b\u6700\u4f4e\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u660e\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u306e\u65e5\u5909\u52d5\u306f\u30b5\u30fc\u30ab\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b8)<\/sup>\u3002\u6839\u7279\u7570\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u660e\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u5f8c\u306b\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u6e7f\u5ea6\u3092100%\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u3068\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u767a\u73fe\u8a98\u5c0e\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u6839\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6025\u6fc0\u306a\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u767a\u73fe\u8a98\u5c0e\u306f\uff0c\u30b5\u30fc\u30ab\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u84b8\u6563\u8981\u6c42\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b21\uff09<\/sup>The following is a list of the most common problems with the \"C\" in the \"C\" column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7b46\u8005\u3089\u306f\uff0c\u63a5\u304e\u6728\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u3068\u81ea\u6839\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u6728\u90e8\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u309248\u6642\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\uff11\u6642\u9593\u6bce\u30d5\u30e9\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u53d7\u3051\uff0c\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u91cf\u3068\u7121\u6a5f\u6210\u5206\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\uff0c\u30ab\u30dc\u30c1\u30e3\u306e\u6839\u3067\u3082\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u6839\u3067\u3082\uff0c\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u91cf\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u30b5\u30fc\u30ab\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5348\u524d\uff18\u6642\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3089\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\u5348\u5f8c\uff12\u6642\u306b\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u306a\u3060\u3089\u304b\u306a\u66f2\u7dda\u3092\u3048\u304c\u3044\u3066\u65e5\u51fa\u9803\u306b\u6700\u4f4e\u3068\u306a\u308b(\u56f3\uff18) \u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u6a5f\u6210\u5206\u306eNO3<\/sub>\u2212N\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\uff0c\uff16\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\u7d041\/2\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c P\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\uff16\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u76f4\u5f8c\u306e\uff12\u500d\u8fd1\u304f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f11)<\/sup>\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u3092\u9664\u53bb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u84b8\u6563\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u7121\u8996\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u6b63\u306b\u6839\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc(\u6839\u5727\uff09\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30ab\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30f3\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306f\u3069\u3046\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u30a4\u30cd\u306e\u6839\u3067\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u5206\u5b50\u7a2e\u304c\u660e\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u6570\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u306e\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u65e5\u5468\u5909\u52d5\u3092\u793a\u3057\uff0c\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u91cf\u3067\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306b\uff12\u301c\uff13\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b21\uff09<\/sup>\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5ca1\u5c71\u770c\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u6821\u306e\u524d\u7530\u5f69\u82b1\u3055\u3093\u306f\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u660e\u6697\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u30a4\u30cd\u306e\u5438\u6c34\u306e\u65e5\u5468\u5909\u52d5\u3092\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u8abf\u3079\uff0c\u5438\u6c34\u4e0a\u6607\u306f\u660e\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u304b\u3089\u9855\u8457\u306b\u307f\u3089\u308c\uff0c\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u8ee2\u5199\u91cf\u306f\u660e\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u5f8c\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\uff0c\u5438\u6c34\u304c\u84b8\u6563\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5148\u306b\u767a\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092JSEC\u22122019\uff08\u671d\u65e5\u65b0\u805e\u793e\u306a\u3069\u304c\u4e3b\u50ac\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u8853\u8cde\u300c\u9ad8\u6821\u751f\u30fb\u9ad8\u5c02\u751f\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u8853\u30c1\u30e3\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u300d\uff09\u3067\u767a\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6728\u90e8\u3067\u306e\u6c34\u8f38\u9001\u304c\u84b8\u6563\u529b\u3068\u6839\u5727\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3088\u304f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u6839\u5727\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6c34\u5438\u53ce\u3068\u30a2\u30af\u30a2\u30dd\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u767a\u73fe\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u672a\u3060\u5831\u544a\u306f\u307f\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6839\u306e\u5438\u6c34\u306b\u306f\u6eb6\u6db2\u306e\u6d78\u900f\u5727\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\uff0c\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u990a\u5206\u5438\u53ce\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u963b\u5bb3\u3092\u4f34\u306a\u3046\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u6839\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u306f\u6c34\u3068\u990a\u5206\u3092\u4e21\u6975\u306b\u636e\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6839\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u306b\u5fdc\u7b54\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u306e\u91cd\u6c34\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u3084PETIS\u6280\u8853\u306a\u3069\u3092\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52d5\u614b\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u99c6\u4f7f\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u6210\u679c\u3092\u9ad8\u3044\u968e\u5c64\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u7684\u79d1\u5b666)<\/sup>\u3078\uff0c\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u4f5c\u7269\u683d\u57f9\u30fb\u751f\u7523\u5b66\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\uff11\uff0eArmstrong, M. J. and E. A. Kirkby. 1979.
\u3000\u3000Estimation of potassium recirculation in tomato plants by comparison of rates of potassium and calcium accumulation in the tops with their fluxes in the xylem stream. Plant Physiol. 63: 1143-1148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff12\uff0eBen Zioni, A., Vaddia, Y. and S. H. Lips.1971.
\u3000\u3000Nitrate uptake by roots as regulated by nitrate reduction products of the shoot. Physiol. Plant. 24: 288-290.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff13\uff0e\u798f\u5ca1\u4f38\u4e00\uff0e2017\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u7248\u52d5\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0e\u5c0f\u5b66\u9928\u65b0\u66f8\uff0e\u2212\u52d5\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u2212\uff0e260-263p\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff14\uff0e\u4eca\u4e95\u4fca\u6cbb\u30fb\u5ca9\u5c3e\u61b2\u4e09\u30fb\u85e4\u539f\u591a\u898b\u592b\uff0e1991\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30d6\u30c9\u30a6\u306e\u751f\u4f53\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3068\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308b\u571f\u58cc\u6c34\u5206\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u5316\uff0e3.
\u3000\u3000 \u571f\u58cc\u4e7e\u71e5\u3068\u830e\u5f84\u4e26\u3073\u306b\u679c\u7c92\u80a5\u5927\u306e\u65e5\u5909\u5316\u7279\u6027\uff0e\u751f\u7269\u74b0\u5883\u8abf\u7bc029: 19-26\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff15\uff0e\u91d1\u4e95\u4fca\u8f14\uff0e2009\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u751f\u7523\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u74b0\u5883\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3068
\u3000\u3000\u305d\u306e\u751f\u4f53\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6804\u990a\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u6790\uff0e\u5e83\u5cf6\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u8ad6\u6587\uff0e115p\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff16\uff0e\u83ca\u6c60\u5353\u90ce\uff0e2009\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7d71\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5712\u82b8\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3057\u3066\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5712\u82b8\uff0e84:319-326\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff17\uff0eKirkby, E. A., Armstrong, M. J. and J. E. Legett. 1981.
\u3000\u3000 Potassium recirculation in tomato plants in relation to potassium supply.
\u3000\u3000 J. Plant Nurti. 3: 955-966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff18\uff0eLopez, F., Bousser, A., Sisso\u00ebff, I., Gaspa M., Lachaise, B., Hoarau, J. and A.
\u3000\u3000Mah\u00e9. Diurnal regulation of water transport and aquaporin gene expression
\u3000\u3000in maize roots: contribution of PIP2 proteins. Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 1384-1395.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff19\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\uff0e1989\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ad\u30e5\u30a6\u30ea\u306e\u771f\u663c\u3068\u771f\u591c\u4e2d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6728\u90e8\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u306e\u7121\u6a5f\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u4f1a\u8a8c\uff0e58: 691-625<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\uff0e1992\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u591c\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u751f\u80b2\u3068\u7a92\u7d20\u5438\u53ce\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u5e73\u62103\u5e74\u5ea6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u66f8\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u7814\u7a76C) \uff0e\u8ab2\u984c\u756a\u53f702660033: 3p\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11\uff0eMasuda, M. and K, Gomi. 1982.
\u3000\u3000Diurnal changes of the exudation rate and the mineral concentration
\u3000\u3000in xylem sap after decapitation of grafted and non-grafted cucumbers.
\u3000\u3000J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 51:293-298.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\u30fb\u4eca\u91ce\u88d5\u5149\uff0e2021\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\uff0c\u30e1\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u7d10\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u80a5\u6599\u888b\u306e\u6295\u5165\u7b87\u6240\u3068\u57f9\u5730\u306e\u592a\u967d\u71b1\u6d88\u6bd2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u3068\u79d1\u5b66728: 1-7\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\u30fb\u91ce\u6751\u771e\u53f2\uff0e1995\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u6458\u5fc3\u53ca\u3073\u679c\u5b9f\u9664\u53bb\u304c\u6839\u306e\u990a\u5206\u5438\u53ce\u3068\u9178\u7d20\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u4f1a\u8a8c\uff0e64: 73-78\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14\uff0e\u685d\u7530\u6b63\u6cbb\u30fb\u5cf6\u7530\u5409\u88d5\uff0e1993\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u6728\u90e8\u3044\u3063\u6ccc\u6db2\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7121\u6a5f\u6210\u5206\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306e\u65e5\u5909\u5316\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5149\u7167\u5ea6\u3068\u82d7\u9f62\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u4f1a\u8a8c\uff0e61: 839-845\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15\uff0eMasuda, M., Tanaka,T. and S. Matsunari.
\u3000\u3000Uptake of water and minerals during day and night in tomato and cucumber plants.
\u3000\u3000J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 58: 951-957.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16\uff0e\u677e\u672c\u82f1\u660e\uff0e1991\uff0e\u6839\u570f\u306epH\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u690d\u7269\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u80a5\u6599\u5b66\u4f1a\u8a8c\uff0e62: 563-572\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17\uff0e\u592a\u7530\u52dd\u5df1\uff0e1996\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u30df\u30cb\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u88c2\u679c\u767a\u751f\u306e\u6a5f\u69cb\u89e3\u660e\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c52p.\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18\uff0ePate, J. S. 1962.
\u3000\u3000Root-exdation studies on the exchange of 14C-labelled organic
\u3000\u3000substances between the roots and shoot of the nodulated legume.
\u3000\u3000Plant and Soil. 17:333 -346\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19\uff0eRudich, J., Rendon-Poblete, E. and A. Abdel-Ilah. 1981.
\u3000\u3000Use of leaf water potential to determine water stress in field-grown tomato plants.
\u3000\u3000J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:732-736.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20\uff0eRussell, R. S. and V. M. Shorrocks. 1959.
\u3000\u3000The relationship between transpiration and the absorption of inorganic ions by intact plants.
\u3000\u3000J. Exp. Bot. 10: 301-316.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.Sakurai-Ishikawa, J., Murai-Hatano, M., Hayashi, H., Ahamed, A., Fukushi, K.
\u3000\u3000Matsumoto, T. and Y. Kitagawa. 2011.
\u3000\u3000Transpiration from shoots triggers diurnal changes in root aquaporin expression.
\u3000\u3000Plant Cell Environ. 34: 1150-1163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22\uff0eTerabayashi, S., Takii, K. and N. Namiki.
\u3000\u3000Variation in diurnal uptake of water and nutrients by tomato plants
\u3000\u3000of different growth stages grown in water culture. J.Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 59: 751-755.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. Tsukamoto, T., Ishii, R., Tanabata, C., Suzui, N., Kawachi, A., Fujimaki, H. and Kusakawa, T. 2020.
\u3000\u3000Positron-emitting Tracer Imaging System
\u3000\u3000(PETIS) \u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u679c\u5b9f\u3078\u306e\u5149\u5408\u6210\u7523\u7269\u306e\u8ee2\u6d41\u306b\u679c\u5b9f\u76f4\u4e0b\u306e\u5074\u679d\u8449\u304c\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0e19: 269-173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24\uff0e\u5c71\u5d0e\u80af\u54c9\u30fb\u9234\u6728\u82b3\u592b\u30fb\u7be0\u539f \u6e29\uff0e1976\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u305d\u83dc\u306e\u990a\u6db2\u683d\u57f9\uff08\u6c34\u8015\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u7279\u306b\u57f9\u990a\u6db2\u7ba1\u7406\u3068\u898b\u304b\u3051\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08n\/w\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff0e\u6771\u6559\u5927\u8fb2\u7d00\u8981. 22: 53-100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25\uff0eWent, F. W. 1944.
\u3000\u3000Plant growth under controlled conditions (II). Amer. J. Bot. 31:135-150.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u571f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3057\u2212\u7b2c12\u56de
\u5806\u80a5\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u73fe\u308c\u65b9\u3068\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6
\u2212\u571f\u306e\u9ed2\u3055\u304c\u6c7a\u3081\u624b\u2212<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In the previous issue, I reviewed the history of how, in the days before the advent of chemical fertilizers, farmers overcame the difficult problem of supplying nutrients to farmland by devising a material called compost. I also mentioned the difference in the way of farming between the fields in Europe and the rice paddies in Japan, which led to a difference in the way of thinking about compost. Even after the advent of chemical fertilizers, compost is expected to have various effects. However, these various effects do not occur in all soil types without exception. Let us consider what are the conditions of soil that cause differences in the manifestation of these effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. expected effects of compost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Compost is expected to have three major effects (Table 1). (1) as a nutrient, (2) as a stable organic matter that is relatively resistant to decomposition, and (3) as a source of living organisms. It is often said that composting will automatically produce all three effects at the same time. This is probably the reason why people think that compost improves the soil. However, these three effects are \"expected effects\" and do not always appear.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000(1) Effect as a nutrient<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305a\u306f\uff0c\u990a\u5206\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5806\u80a5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u2460\u591a\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u4e09\u8981\u7d20(\u7a92\u7d20\uff0c\u30ea\u30f3\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\uff09\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u6e90\uff0c\u2461\u5fae\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u6e90\uff0c\u2462\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u3089\u308f\u308c\u308b\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\uff09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u52b9\u679c\uff0c\u2463\u690d\u7269\u30db\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u6e90\uff0c\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u3046\u3061\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u5806\u80a5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u2460\u306e\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u80a5\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u7551\u3084\u6c34\u7530\u306e\u571f\u3067\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\uff0c\u30ea\u30f3\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u304c\u4f5c\u7269\u751f\u7523\u306e\u5236\u9650\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u571f\u306f\u8003\u3048\u306b\u304f\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u2462\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u50cd\u304d\u3082\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u5806\u80a5\u304c\u571f\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u52d5\u7269(\u30c8\u30d3\u30e0\u30b7\uff0c\u30ef\u30e9\u30b8\u30e0\u30b7\uff0c\u30df\u30df\u30ba\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3084\u5fae\u751f\u7269(\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u653e\u7dda\u83cc\uff0c\u7cf8\u72b6\u83cc\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5354\u529b\u3057\u3066\u5806\u80a5\u3092\u5206\u89e3\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5206\u89e3\u306b\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u5806\u80a5\u304b\u3089\u990a\u5206\u304c\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5806\u80a5\u3092\u9023\u7528\u3059\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u3067\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u990a\u5206\u52b9\u679c\u3082\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, the effect of (2) as a trace element fertilizer cannot be expected in paddy fields. This is because trace elements are dissolved in irrigation water in rice paddies, and the amount of trace elements supplied by irrigation water, which is taken up in large quantities during rice cultivation, is large. Even if the compost contains trace elements, the limited amount of trace elements supplied by the compost will not be equal to the natural supply from the irrigation water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000It is not yet well known how effective the plant hormones (4) can actually be in fields and rice paddies with a history of cultivation. However, it is likely to be effective when the surface soil containing organic matter is completely removed and the subsoil containing little organic matter is used as the cropping soil, as is the case in cultivated land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Effect as stable organic matter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The second expected effect is as stable organic matter. Stable organic matter is organic matter that remains in the soil after being decomposed to some extent by animals and microorganisms, and is relatively difficult to decompose. This becomes the substance known as soil organic matter (humus), which gives the soil its black color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000When compost is incorporated into the soil, the easily decomposable organic matter in the compost is decomposed to produce a nutrient effect. On the other hand, the organic matter that remains in the soil because it is relatively difficult to decompose, together with the organic matter that was already in the soil, will show effects as stable organic matter. These effects include (1) improvement of physical properties of the soil, such as the size and proportion of gaps in the soil (pore distribution), ease of drainage (permeability), water retention (water holding capacity), air permeability (aeration), and ease of cultivation (tillability), (2) increase in nutrient holding capacity, and (3) suppression of toxic substances, for example, when organic matter binds with aluminum When organic matter combines with aluminum, it suppresses the toxic effects of aluminum (chelating action), making it difficult for aluminum to combine with phosphorus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u30ea\u30f3\u306e\u990a\u5206\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u51fa\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u52b9\u679c\uff0c\u2463\u5fae\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u6c34\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u306b\u304f\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u304c\u5206\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306b\u3068\u3082\u306a\u3044\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\uff08CO2<\/sub>\uff09\u304c\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u304c\u6c34\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u3066\u70ad\u9178\u6c34\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u5fae\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6eb6\u3051\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u50cd\u304d\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u2464\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u6301\u3064\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u5316\u3092\u3084\u308f\u3089\u3052\u308b\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u7de9\u885d\u529b\uff09\u306a\u3069\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, these various expected effects of compost as stable organic matter appear only when the organic matter content of a given soil is less than a certain criterion (ranging from 2 to 5%, depending on the soil), and no effect can be expected if it is higher (Yamane, 1981). This is because in soils with high organic matter content, the physical properties of the soil are less likely to be a limiting factor in crop production, since the soil originally contains more stable organic matter (humus).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000(3) Effect as a source of living organisms<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e09\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u751f\u7269\u306e\u7d66\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5806\u80a5\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u751f\u7269\uff08\u30df\u30df\u30ba\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5c0f\u52d5\u7269\u3084\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u751f\u606f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5806\u80a5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u751f\u7269\u3092\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3082\u5806\u80a5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u571f\u304c\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u571f\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u571f\u306b\u751f\u606f\u3059\u308b\u751f\u7269\u6570\u304c\uff0c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5806\u80a5\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u751f\u7269\u6570\u306b\u304f\u3089\u3079\u3066\u5727\u5012\u7684\u306b\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u5806\u80a5\u306b\u571f\u306e\u751f\u7269\u306e\u7d66\u6e90\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3082\u9020\u6210\u5730\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6975\u5ea6\u306b\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u571f\u304c\u4f5c\u571f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The effect of compost application on soil organisms is more likely to be cumulative than a one-year effect. However, even in this case, the direct effect of the diversification and increase in the number of organisms on crop growth may vary depending on other soil conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. the less organic matter in the soil, the more effective compost is.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000When we give compost to the soil nowadays, are we just giving it to the soil without any particular reason, just because it is for \"soil building\"? We need to think carefully about why we are giving compost to the soil and what effect we expect it to have. Depending on soil conditions, compost may or may not have the desired effect. As shown in Table 1, the criterion is whether the soil has more or less organic matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The amount of organic matter in the soil can only be determined by strictly analyzing it. To determine the amount of organic matter without analyzing the soil, look at the color of the soil. If the color of the soil is black to dark brown with a black tint, you can judge that there is a lot of organic matter in the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Soils with low organic matter (light black color) can expect diverse effects from compost feeding. For soils with high organic matter (dark black color), we should expect mainly nutrient effects as a slow-release three-element fertilizer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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