{"id":3916,"date":"2024-10-16T17:29:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T08:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3916"},"modified":"2026-06-24T16:33:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T07:33:08","slug":"%e7%ac%ac740%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802022-r04-5%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c740\u53f7\u30002022-r04-5\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c740\u53f7\u30002022(R04).05\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u8336\u5712\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u52b9\u7387\u5411\u4e0a\u3068\u7701\u529b\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853\u306e\u78ba\u7acb
Shizuoka Prefectural Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Technology
Tea Research Center, Department of Tea Environment Adaptation Technology
\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u5c0f\u91ce\u3000\u5d69\u77e5<\/a>
\u00a7\u4e8c\u6761\u5927\u9ea6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5
Oita Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research and Guidance Center
Agricultural Research Department, Paddy Field Agriculture Group
\u6e05\u7530\u3000\u68a8\u83ef<\/a>
No \u00a7 Soil - No.11
\u5806\u80a5\u306f\u990a\u5206\u79fb\u8ee2\u8cc7\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767b\u5834\u3057\u305f
\u2212\u990a\u5206\u306e\u88dc\u7d66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u2212
Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Improving fertilizer efficiency and saving energy in tea gardens
\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853\u306e\u78ba\u7acb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Shizuoka Prefectural Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Technology
Tea Research Center, Department of Tea Environment Adaptation Technology
\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u5c0f\u91ce\u3000\u5d69\u77e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In the fertilizer management of tea plantations, it is important to improve the yield and quality of tea while reducing the environmental burden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Local fertilizer application technology has been developed as a technology that can reduce the amount and frequency of nitrogen fertilizer application due to its high utilization of fertilizer nitrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u5c40\u6240\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853\u3068\u306f\uff0c\u30c1\u30e3\u306e\u6a39\u51a0\u4e0b\u96e8\u843d\u3061\u90e8\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306b\uff0c\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u306e\u88ab\u8986\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u6a5f\u3092\u7528\u3044\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u9762\u304b\u3089\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d\uff15cm\u304b\u308925cm\u306e\u6df1\u3055\u306b\u7b52\u72b6\u306b\u65bd\u80a5\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\uff11\u56de\u3067\u5404\u8336\u6a39\uff08\u6a39\u9593\u7d041.5m\uff09\u306b\u3064\u304d\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\uff12\u7b87\u6240\uff0c25cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u7a74\u3092\u6398\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\uff0c10a\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306b\u63db\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u7d041850\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u7a74\u3092\u6398\u308a\u65bd\u80a5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\uff0c\uff11\u7b87\u6240\u3054\u3068\u7b52\u72b6\u306b\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u304c\uff0c\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u6a5f\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u7d04\uff13\u6642\u9593\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Therefore, with a view to mechanization to improve the efficiency of fertilizer application (mainly through the development of attachments for riding-type management machines), we conducted tests from FY2018 to FY2020 on the \"establishment of strip fertilizer application technology to improve the efficiency of fertilizer application and save labor in tea gardens,\" aiming first to establish a technique to apply coated fertilizer in a streaked pattern at rain-fall areas. The results are reported here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Testing Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\uff11\uff09\u8a66\u9a13\u5b9f\u65bd\u5834\u6240\uff1a\u9759\u5ca1\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8336\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u5185\u307b\u5834\uff08\u9ec4\u8272\u571f\uff09\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff12\uff09\u4f9b\u8a66\u4f5c\u7269\u30fb\u54c1\u7a2e\u540d\uff1a\u30c1\u30e3\u30fb\u2018\u3084\u3076\u304d\u305f\u2019\uff081988\u5e74\u5b9a\u690d\uff09
\uff13\uff09\u4f9b\u8a66\u80a5\u6599\u30fb\u8cc7\u6750\u540d\uff1a\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0426\u2212140\uff0c\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fcNK\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0203\u2212180\uff0c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a4\u30c3\u30afNN660\uff08\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u3231\uff09
\uff14\uff09\u8a66\u9a13\u69cb\u6210\uff1a\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306b\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa140\u65e5\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0426\u2212140\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306b\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa180\u65e5\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fcNK\u30a8\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0203\u2212180\u3092\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff13\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u4e21\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u71d0\u785d\u5b89\u52a0\u91cc\u80a5\u6599\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5168\u9762\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff11)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The position of fertilizer application is shown in Figure 1.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\uff15\uff09\u8a66\u9a13\u898f\u6a21\uff1a\uff11\u533a9.0\u33a1\uff085.0\u00d71.8m)\uff0c\u5404\u533a\uff13\u53cd\u5fa9
(6) Survey items and methods:
\u3000\uff41\uff09\u53ce\u91cf\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u8abf\u67fb\uff0820\u00d720cm\u306e\u67a0\u6458\u307f\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u756a\u8336\uff0c\u4e8c\u756a\u8336
\u3000(b) Fresh leaf yield: first tea, second tea, autumn\/winter tea
\u3000\uff43\uff09\u6458\u82bd\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u7387\uff08NC\u30a2\u30ca\u30e9\u30a4\u30b6\u30fc\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u756a\u8336\uff0c\u4e8c\u756a\u8336\uff0c\u79cb\u51ac\u756a\u8336
\u3000\uff44\uff09\u571f\u58cc\u5206\u6790\uff1a2020\u5e74\uff17\u670821\u65e5\u306b\u5404\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u306e\u3046\u306d\u9593\uff0c\u96e8\u843d\u3061\u90e8\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u3092\u63a1\u53d6\uff08\u6df1\u3055\uff10\u301c15cm\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u3092\uff11\u533a\u306b\u3064\u304d\uff14\u7b87\u6240\u30aa\u30fc\u30ac\u30fc\u3067\u63a1\u53d6\u3057\u6df7\u5408\uff09\u3057\uff0cpH\uff0cEC\uff0c\u8150\u690d\uff0c\u5168\u7a92\u7d20\uff0c\u7121\u6a5f\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u7d66\u614b\u30ea\u30f3\u9178\uff0cCEC\uff0c\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u5869\u57fa\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Summary of results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\uff11\uff09\u67a0\u6458\u307f\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\uff13\u5e74\u76ee\u306e\u4e8c\u756a\u8336\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u6458\u82bd\u6570\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u51fa\u958b\u304d\u5ea6\u53ca\u3073\u6458\u82bd\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5927\u304d\u3044\u6570\u5024\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff12)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\uff12\uff09\u751f\u8449\u53ce\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5e74\u9593\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u591a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u4e00\u756a\u8336\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\uff12\u5e74\u76ee\u3067\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u3088\u308a\u6709\u610f\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u4e8c\u756a\u8336\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\uff11\u5e74\u76ee\u3067\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u53ca\u3073\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u3088\u308a\u6709\u610f\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\uff13\uff09\u6458\u82bd\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306f\uff0c\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u4e00\u756a\u8336\u3067\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u8a66\u9a13\uff12\u5e74\u76ee\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\uff13\u5e74\u76ee\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u6709\u610f\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff14\uff09\u751f\u8449\u53ce\u91cf\u3068\u6458\u82bd\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u7387\u304b\u3089\u7b97\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u7a92\u7d20\u53ce\u596a\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u4e00\u756a\u8336\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u5bfe\u7167\u533a\u3088\u308a\u591a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u4e8c\u756a\u8336\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u591a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff14)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n


(5) The results of the soil analysis are presented in Table 5.
\u3000\u3000pH\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\uff0c\u3046\u306d\u9593\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8336\u5712\u571f\u58cc\u6539\u5584\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u8d85\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u77f3\u7070\u542b\u91cf\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3046\u306d\u9593\u3067\u306f\u571f\u58cc\u6539\u5584\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u8d85\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\uff0c\u96e8\u843d\u3061\u90e8\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u91cf\uff08100kg\/10a\uff09\u306e\u82e6\u571f\u77f3\u7070\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u305b\u305a\uff0c\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u6642\u306b\u88dc\u586b\u7684\u306b\u96e8\u843d\u3061\u90e8\u306b\u6295\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u65bd\u80a5\u56de\u6570\u306e\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u7e4b\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u6625\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\uff0c\u79cb\u30fb\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3082\u306b\u96e8\u843d\u3061\u90e8\u306e\u7121\u6a5f\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u7a92\u7d20\u5438\u53ce\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\uff16\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6625\u306e\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\uff0c\u79cb\u306e\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u3067\u306f\u3068\u3082\u306b\u751f\u8449\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u5897\u52a0\uff0c\u4e00\u756a\u8336\u306e\u6458\u82bd\u7a92\u7d20\u542b\u6709\u7387\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u79cb\u306e\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u6625\u306e\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u4e00\u756a\u8336\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u53ca\u3073\u7a92\u7d20\u53ce\u596a\u91cf\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u304c\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306b\u306f\u82e6\u571f\u77f3\u7070\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u52d8\u6848\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u8336\u5712\u96e8\u843d\u3061\u90e8\u306e\u6df1\u3055\u7d04\uff15cm\u306b\uff0c\uff12\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u307e\u305f\u306f\uff18\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u88ab\u8986\u80a5\u6599\u306730kgN\/10a\u3092\u6761\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\uff0c\uff13\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306b\u901f\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u306710kgN\/10a\u3092\u6a39\u51a0\u4e0a\u65bd\u80a5\u3059\u308b\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\uff0c40kgN\/10a\u3092\u3046\u306d\u9593\u306b\u5e74\uff15\u56de\u306b\u5206\u65bd\u3059\u308b\u6163\u884c\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u306b\u3088\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000As a result, there was a trend of increased yield of fresh leaves and increased nitrogen content of plucked buds of first tea throughout the year in both test areas compared to the conventional area. In particular, the late-August strip fertilization tended to increase the yield and nitrogen deprivation of the first tea leaves more than the late-February strip fertilization. The results of soil analysis suggested that it is necessary to consider the amount and position of application of bitter lime when applying soil fertilizer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, care should be taken when applying fast-acting fertilizers to the entire area, because if rainfall after application is low, fertilizer nutrients may not be fully absorbed at the right time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In order to spread the technology of strip fertilizer application in the future, it is necessary to continue further studies on machine development and work efficiency. In particular, in terms of machine development, it would be easier to spread the technology if it were developed as a riding-type attachment, considering cost and work efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fertilizer-regulated fertilizer in two-row barley.
\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Oita Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research and Guidance Center
Agricultural Research Department, Paddy Field Agriculture Group
\u6e05\u7530\u3000\u68a8\u83ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5927\u5206\u770c\u3067\u306f\u6c34\u7a32\u4e7e\u7530\u76f4\u64ad\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u666e\u53ca\u62e1\u5927\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3067\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a1)<\/sup>\uff0c\u9ea6\u4f5c\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30ea\u30eb\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u64ad\u7a2e\u3057\uff0c\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u3078\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u65bd\u80a5\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u300c\u30c9\u30ea\u30eb\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853\uff63\u3068\u7565\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6c34\u7a32\u4f5c\u3068\u9ea6\u4f5c\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u306e\u30c9\u30ea\u30eb\u30b7\u30fc\u30c0\u306e\u6c4e\u7528\u5229\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u9ea6\u4f5c\u3067\u306e\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u3078\u306e\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u6d66\u91ce\u3089\uff082012\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u3088\u308a\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u591a\u53ce\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b2)<\/sup>\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u9ea6\u306e\u64ad\u7a2e\u5f8c\u306b\u4f4e\u6e29\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u5e74\u3082\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u65bd\u80a5\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u9ea6\u306e\u521d\u671f\u751f\u80b2\u3092\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u78ba\u4fdd\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u61f8\u5ff5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Therefore, we investigated the possibility of improving the yield and quality of wheat by applying all the base fertilizer with a prototype fertilizer that combines a fast-acting fertilizer and a regulated fertilizer using the drill seeder seeding furrow application technique that we developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\uff0c\u5927\u5206\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u5c0e\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\uff08\u5927\u5206\u770c\u5b87\u4f50\u5e02\uff0c\u6a19\u9ad8\uff18m\uff09\u306e\u6c34\u7530\u5703\u5834\uff08\u571f\u6027\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u57f4\u58cc\u571f\uff09\u3067\uff0c2018\u5e74\u64ad\u304b\u30892020\u5e74\u64ad\u306e\uff13\u30f6\u5e74\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u3002
\u3000The test variety was Nishinohoshi, a two-row barley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The composition of the test plots and seeding times are shown in Table 1. The test plots were divided into two types: a total basal application and a conventional partial application. In the total basal application, two types of granular compound fertilizers with different proportions of fast-acting and controlled-release fertilizers were applied in the seeding furrows and on the entire surface, respectively, for two replications in each test plot. Fertilizer materials were provided by JCAM Agri Co., Ltd. and the prototype fertilizers were formulated at the Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research and Guidance Center.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5185\u8a33\u306f\uff0c\u901f\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u306b\u786b\u5b89\uff0c\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u306b\u30b7\u30b0\u30e2\u30a4\u30c9\u578b\u88ab\u8986\u5c3f\u7d20LP\u30b3\u30fc\u30c820\u65e5\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0bLPS20\uff09\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5404\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u914d\u5408\u5272\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u5206\u3052\u3064\u80a5\u91cd\u70b9\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u901f\u52b9\u6027\uff1a\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\uff1d\uff13\uff1a\uff17\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u300c\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff13\uff63 \uff09\u3068\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u80a5\u52b9\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u901f\u52b9\u6027\uff1a\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\uff1d\uff15\uff1a\uff15\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u300c\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff15\uff63 \uff09\u306e\uff12\u7a2e\u985e\u3092\u4f9b\u8a66\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u533a\u306f\uff0c\u786b\u5b89\u3092\u7a92\u7d20\u6210\u5206\u306710a\u3042\u305f\u308a\u57fa\u80a5\uff15kg\uff0c\u5206\u3052\u3064\u80a5\uff12kg\uff0c\u7a42\u80a5\uff13kg\u3092\u5168\u9762\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u65bd\u80a5\u6642\u671f\u306f\uff0c\u57fa\u80a5\u3092\u64ad\u7a2e\u65e5\uff0c\u5206\u3052\u3064\u80a5\u3092\u4e8c\u6761\u5927\u9ea6\uff13\u301c\uff14\u8449\u671f\uff0c\u7a42\u80a5\u3092\u5e7c\u7a42\u9577\uff12\u301c\uff15mm\u306e\u6642\u671f\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u5404\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u3068\u3082\uff0c\u30ea\u30f3\u9178\uff0c\u30ab\u30ea\u306f\u91cd\u713c\u71d022.9kg\/10a\uff0c\u5869\u5316\u52a0\u91cc13.3kg\/10a\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u8015\u8018\u5f8c\u306b\u5168\u9762\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In the seeding trench fertilizer application area, after the bed was erected, the compaction wheel of the drill seeder was removed and the soil covering device was lifted and fixed, after which the base fertilizer was manually applied to the seeding trench and the soil was covered. In the all-fertilizer-applied area, the base fertilizer was applied by hand to the entire surface of the field after the bed was erected, and the drill seeder was used for seeding, soil covering, and soil compaction, in that order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Two sowing periods were set: mid-November to early December, which is the optimum sowing period in low elevation areas of the prefecture (\"optimum sowing\"), and mid-December to late December (\"late sowing\"), which is a later sowing period for large-scale management operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000LPS20\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa\u7387\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u306f\uff0c\u65bd\u80a5\u65e5\u306b\u80a5\u6599\u539f\u4f53\uff11g\u3092\u5165\u308c\u305f\u4e0d\u7e54\u5e03\u3092\u8a66\u9a13\u5703\u5834\u306e\u5730\u8868\u9762\u304b\u308910cm\u306e\u6df1\u3055\u306b\u57cb\u8a2d\u3057\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u95937\u301c10\u56de\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\uff13\u30f6\u5e74\u3068\u3082\uff13\u53cd\u5fa9\u3067\u4f9b\u8a66\u3057\uff0c\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u306f\uff0c\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u80a5\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u306b\u4f9d\u983c\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5703\u5834\u306e\u5730\u6e29\u306f\uff0c\u65bd\u80a5\u304b\u3089\u576a\u5208\u308a\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9593\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8a18\u9332\u8a08\uff08 (\u682a)\uff34\uff06\uff24\u88fd\u304a\u3093\u3069\u3068\u308aJr.TR\u221252\uff33\u578b)\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u9762\u304b\u308910cm\u306e\u6df1\u3055\u306e\u5730\u70b9\u3092\uff11\u6642\u9593\u9593\u9694\u3067\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Difference in growth progress between seeding furrow fertilization and conventional partial application<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Fertilization methods and results of growth studies are shown in Tables 2 and 3.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u5e7c\u7a42\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u306e\u8349\u4e08\uff0c\u8449\u8272\u306f\u9069\u671f\u64ad\uff0c\u9045\u64ad\u3068\u3082\u5404\u533a\u3067\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u533a\u3068\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3067\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f2020\u5e74\u306e\u9069\u671f\u64ad\uff0c\u9045\u64ad\u3068\u3082\u65bd\u80a5\u5f8c120\u65e5\u304b\u3089\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff13\u533a\uff0c\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599N5\u533a\u306e\u8449\u8272\u304c\u6fc3\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a(\u56f3\uff11\u2212\uff11\uff0c\uff11\u2212\uff12)\uff0c\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u304b\u3089\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u6210\u5206\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u9054\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Culm length at maturity was similar to or slightly lower than that of the conventional partial application in both the timely and late sowing treatments, but ear length was slightly longer when the prototype fertilizer was applied in the seeding furrows than when the fertilizer was applied over the entire surface. The number of ears, like the number of stems, was lower when the seeding furrows were fertilized with the prototype fertilizer. However, in the 2019 sowing, strong winds and low temperatures before ear emergence caused sterile ears in both full- and late-seeding, and later ears occurred more frequently, resulting in a higher number of ears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u9045\u308c\u7a42\u306e\u767a\u751f\u5272\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u64ad\u7a2e\u6642\u671f\u5225\u3067\u306f\u9045\u64ad\u3067\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u3067\u306f\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u591a\u3044\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff13\u533a\u3067\u591a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Yield difference between seeding furrow application and conventional partial application<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The results of the yield and quality surveys are shown in Tables 4 and 5.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u9069\u671f\u64ad\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5168\u9762\u65bd\u80a5\u3068\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\uff0c2018\u5e74\uff0c2019\u5e74\u306e\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff13\u533a\u3092\u9664\u304d\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u65b9\u3067\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3067\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff13\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079 \u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff15\u533a\u3067\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u533a\u3068\u6982\u306d\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u9045\u64ad\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5168\u9762\u65bd\u80a5\u3068\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u65b9\u3067\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u3067\u6bd4\u3079\u305f\u5834\u5408\uff0c2018\u5e74\u3092\u9664\u304d\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff15\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff2e\uff13\u533a\u3067\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u533a\u3068\u6982\u306d\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Trends in nitrogen elution of LPS20<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8a66\u9a13\u5703\u5834\u306b\u57cb\u8a2d\u3057\u305fLPS20\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u3092\u56f3\uff12\u2212\uff11\uff0c\u56f3\uff12\u2212\uff12\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6eb6\u51fa\u7387\u306f\u9069\u671f\u64ad\u3067\u5e7c\u7a42\u5206\u5316\u671f\uff08\uff11\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff09\u9803\u304b\u3089\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\uff0c2018\u5e74\u64ad\u3067\u7bc0\u9593\u4f38\u9577\u59cb\u671f\uff08\uff14\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec)\uff0c2020\u5e74\u64ad\u3067\u5e7c\u7a42\u5f62\u6210\u671f\uff08\uff13\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff09\u307e\u3067\u306b80%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u6eb6\u51fa\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12\u2212\uff11)\u3002\u9045\u64ad\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u5e7c\u7a42\u5206\u5316\u671f\uff08\uff11\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff09\u9803\u304b\u3089\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\uff0c2018\u5e74\u64ad\uff0c2019\u5e74\u64ad\u306f\u958b\u82b1\u671f\u4ee5\u964d\uff08\uff14\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec)\uff0c2020\u5e74\u64ad\u3067\u7a42\u3070\u3089\u307f\u671f\uff08\uff13\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff09\u307e\u3067\u306b80%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u6eb6\u51fa\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12\u2212\uff12)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The nitrogen leaching rate by the elapsed days after burial showed that the nitrogen leaching began to increase around 60 days after burial for both timely and late seeding, with the highest leaching around 120 days after burial for 2018 and 2019 seeding at 251 TP3T or higher, and the highest leaching around 100 days after burial for 2020 seeding at 371 TP3T or higher. The 2020 seeding had the highest elution of 37% or higher around 100 days after burial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000These results indicate that LPS20 leaches nitrogen from about 60 days after burial (early January for optimum seeding and mid-January for late seeding), and that LPS20 has a fertilizing effect as a runoff fertilizer and ear fertilizer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consideration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In this study, a total basal fertilizer application method with different ratios of fast-acting fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer was examined for general use of the drill seeder seeding furrow fertilization technique developed for direct seeding of paddy rice in dry rice paddies in wheat cultivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Nitrogen leaching of LPS20, which was used as a trial fertilizer with regulated fertilizer efficacy, began around 60 days after embedding, and the highest nitrogen leaching occurred around 120 days after embedding in the 2018 and 2019 seedings and around 100 days after embedding in the 2020 seeding, depending on the year, but its effectiveness as a batch fertilizer or ear fertilizer was confirmed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u3053\u30672020\u5e74\u64ad\u306eLPS20\u3067\u4ed6\uff12\u30f6\u5e74\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u65e9\u307e\u3063\u305f\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0cLPS20\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u5730\u6e29\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c2020\u5e74\u64ad\u306f\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa\u306b\u5dee\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\uff13\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u301c\uff13\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u306e\u65e5\u5e73\u5747\u5730\u6e29\u304c\uff13\u30f6\u5e74\u306e\u65e5\u5e73\u5747\u5730\u6e29\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u30660.2\u301c2.5\u2103\u9ad8\u304f\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u65e9\u304f\u9032\u3093\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The effect of the prototype fertilizers on the yield of two-row barley was considered to be affected when the proportion of ammonium sulfate in the fast-acting fertilizer was low, as in the N3 plot, because the yield was not sufficient to ensure a sufficient number of offshoots by the young ear formation stage. In particular, the warmer-than-normal winter in the 2019 and 2020 sowing periods accelerated the growth of two-row barley, and sufficient fertilizer application in the first half of the growing season was considered necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u786b\u5b89\u3068LPS20\u306e\u914d\u5408\u5272\u5408\u304c\uff15\uff1a\uff15\u306e\u8a66\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u9069\u671f\u64ad\u3067\u306f\u6163\u884c\u5206\u65bd\u3068\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u78ba\u4fdd\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u9045\u64ad\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306fLPS20\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u6eb6\u51fa\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u304c\uff13\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u304b\u3089\uff14\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u9803\u3068\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u9045\u308c\u7a42\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u3068\u54c1\u8cea\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u304c\u61f8\u5ff5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u4e8c\u6761\u5927\u9ea6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5\u306f\uff0c\u786b\u5b89\u3068LPS20\u306e\u914d\u5408\u5272\u5408\u304c\uff15\uff1a\uff15\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u7528\u3044\uff0c11\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u301c12\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000When the prototype fertilizer used in this study was applied to wheat, which has a later ear emergence and ripening period than barley, the nitrogen release period of LPS20 and the timing of wheat fertilizer application could be expected to be almost identical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acknowledgements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000We would like to express our sincere thanks to Mr. Kawakami and Mr. Tsuchiya of the Kyushu Branch of JCM Agri Co., Ltd. and Mr. Tanaka of the Fertilizer Research Laboratory of JCM Agri Co. for providing the trial fertilizer and conducting the nitrogen analysis of the LPS20 leaching test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

works cited<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Oita Prefecture guidelines for direct seeding of paddy rice in dry rice paddies. 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff12\uff09\u6d66\u91ce\u6d69\u4e00\u90ce\uff0e2012\uff0e\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u5168\u91cf\u57fa\u80a5\u64ad\u7a2e\u6e9d\u65bd\u7528\u304c\u88f8\u9ea6\u306e\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u53ce\u91cf\u304a\u3088\u3073\u54c1\u8cea\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\uff0e\u65e5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u652f\u96c6\u933252\uff0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u571f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3057\u2212\u7b2c11\u56de
\u5806\u80a5\u306f\u990a\u5206\u79fb\u8ee2\u8cc7\u6750\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767b\u5834\u3057\u305f
\u2212\u990a\u5206\u306e\u88dc\u7d66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u2212<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Starting with this issue, \"No More Soil\" will be renewed. In the past 10 articles, we have discussed the four conditions for good soil for crops. In the next 10 articles, we will discuss compost, chemical fertilizers, organic farming, and the role of soil. This time, we will look back at the history of compost, which was invented and used to replenish farmland with nutrients in the days before chemical fertilizers were available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. nutrient replenishment is necessary to maintain soil fertility<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000It is believed that humans began farming about 10,000 years ago. Since then, when crops are grown and harvested on farmland, the nutrients in the soil are absorbed by the crops and taken out of the farmland with the harvest. If nutrients are not replenished, the crop nutrients in the soil will be depleted and the crop cannot be grown. Therefore, replenishment of nutrients was essential for the sustainable cultivation of crops on farmland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000How exactly to supply nutrients was the main concern. The only way to recover nutrients from the soil was to collect materials around us, such as leaf litter from forests, mud from rivers and lakes, fallen leaves, fallen branches, underbrush from forests, wild grasses, grass and tree ashes, seaweed, and manure from people and livestock. This nutrient transfer process was very labor intensive and time consuming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. compost conceived as a nutrient transfer material<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u990a\u5206\u3092\u56de\u53ce\u3057\uff0c\u56de\u53ce\u3057\u305f\u990a\u5206\u3092\u5225\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u8003\u3048\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6700\u5f37\u306e\u8cc7\u6750\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5806\u80a5\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u990a\u5206\u306e\u56de\u53ce\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u306f\u5f93\u6765\u3069\u304a\u308a\u8fb2\u5730\u306e\u5916\u3067\u80b2\u3064\u690d\u7269\uff08\u91ce\u8349\u3084\u96d1\u8349\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u5208\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u308a\uff0c\u843d\u8449\u3084\u843d\u679d\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5c71\u6797\u306e\u4e0b\u8349\u306a\u3069\u3092\u53ce\u96c6\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u5806\u7a4d\uff0c\u5206\u89e3\u3055\u305b\u3066\u5806\u80a5\u5316\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306f\uff0c\u98fc\u6599\u306b\u306a\u308b\u690d\u7269\uff08\u91ce\u8349\u3084\u7267\u8349\uff09\u3092\u30a8\u30b5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5bb6\u755c\u306b\u63a1\u98df\u3055\u305b\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u690d\u7269\u304c\u5438\u53ce\u3057\u305f\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u990a\u5206\u3092\u5bb6\u755c\u306e\u3075\u3093\u5c3f\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u56de\u53ce\u3057\u3066\u5806\u80a5\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3084\u308a\u304b\u305f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000European farmers, in particular, realized that the use of livestock was much more labor-saving than collecting materials from outside the farmland. Therefore, they actively promoted nutrient recovery and composting through the use of livestock and developed a crop rotation system. The culmination of these efforts was the four-year crop rotation known as the Norfolk farming method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. intensive crop rotation before the advent of chemical fertilizers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u306e\u8f2a\u4f5c\u306e\u521d\u671f\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u8fb2\u5730\u3092\u4e8c\u5206\u3057\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u306f\u4f5c\u7269\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u7528\u3044\uff0c\u4ed6\u65b9\u306f\u4f5c\u7269\u683d\u57f9\u3092\u4f11\u3080\uff08\u4f11\u9591\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff09\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u990a\u5206\u306e\u56de\u5fa9\u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u307e\u304b\u305b\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u5703\u5f0f\u8f2a\u4f5c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e09\u5703\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a40\u8349\u5f0f\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u3057\uff0c\u30ce\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u8fb2\u6cd5\uff08\u8f2a\u683d\u5f0f\uff09\u306b\u305f\u3069\u308a\u7740\u3044\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Earlier crop rotations also used manure from livestock grazing on common land or permanent pasture. However, keeping livestock on pasture or grassland had the disadvantage that the collection rate of livestock manure excreted from the pasture or grassland decreased. In addition, the growth of wild grasses and pastures declines during the fall and winter, making it difficult to secure sufficient forage to overwinter livestock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30ce\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u8fb2\u6cd5\u306f\u5171\u540c\u653e\u7267\u5730\u3068\u4f11\u9591\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5ec3\u6b62\u3057\u3066\u8fb2\u5730\u3092\u62e1\u5927\u3057\uff0c\u5bb6\u755c\u306e\u98fc\u6599\u3068\u306a\u308b\uff12\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u4f5c\u7269\uff08\u98fc\u6599\u7528\u6839\u83dc\u985e\uff1d\u98fc\u6599\u7528\u30ab\u30d6\uff0c\u30de\u30e1\u79d1\u7267\u8349\uff1d\u30a2\u30ab\u30af\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\uff09\u3092\uff14\u5e74\u8f2a\u4f5c\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5165\u308c\u3066\u98fc\u6599\u751f\u7523\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3057\u305f\u3002\u98fc\u6599\u7528\u30ab\u30d6\u306e\u64ad\u7a2e\u306b\u306f\u8fb2\u4e8b\u6539\u826f\u5bb6\u306e\u30bf\u30eb\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u6761\u64ad\u6a5f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6761\u64ad\u683d\u57f9\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u96d1\u8349\u9632\u9664\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e2d\u8015\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u98fc\u6599\u7528\u30ab\u30d6\u306e\u751f\u7523\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30a2\u30ab\u30af\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u306b\u306f\u6839\u306b\u5171\u751f\u3059\u308b\u6839\u7c92\u83cc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7a92\u7d20\u56fa\u5b9a\u304c\u898b\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u80a5\u6c83\u5ea6\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u306e\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u98fc\u6599\u751f\u7523\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u5bb6\u755c\u306e\u591a\u982d\u98fc\u990a\u3068\u51ac\u671f\u3067\u3082\u820e\u98fc\u3044\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u5bb6\u755c\u306e\u820e\u98fc\u3044\u306f\u3075\u3093\u5c3f\u306e\u56de\u53ce\u7387\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\uff0c\u5806\u80a5\u751f\u7523\u91cf\u304c\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u306b\u5897\u3048\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u7a40\u7269\u751f\u7523\u7551\u3078\u306e\u5806\u80a5\u65bd\u4e0e\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u990a\u5206\u80a5\u6c83\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u5bb6\u755c\u3075\u3093\u5c3f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u990a\u5206\u5faa\u74b0\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u8fb2\u6cd5\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\uff0c\u5f53\u6642\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u8d85\u96c6\u7d04\u7684\u306a\u8f2a\u4f5c\u304c\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000There is a saying in the Flemish region of mainland Europe across from Norfolk, England (present-day southern Netherlands to western Belgium and northern France): \"Without feed there is no livestock, without livestock there is no fertilizer, and without fertilizer there is no harvest. This saying eloquently describes the major role of manure as a nutrient transfer material for maintaining crop production in European crop rotation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30ce\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u8fb2\u6cd5\u306f\u30b3\u30e0\u30ae\u751f\u7523\u91cf\u3092\u4e00\u5909\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3002\u30ce\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\uff08\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306e\uff14\u3064\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u738b\u56fd\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u4e00\u3064\uff09\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u306e\uff14%\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u5730\u57df\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\uff0c\u30ce\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30af\u8fb2\u6cd5\u306e\u5c0e\u5165\u3067\uff0c\u30b3\u30e0\u30ae\u5b50\u5b9f\u751f\u7523\u91cf\u306f\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u5168\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e90%\u3092\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff08\u98ef\u6cbc\uff0c1967)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Japanese View of Composting: Tradition of the Supremacy of Mature Compost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u4e3b\u98df\u306f\u30b3\u30e1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u306f\u30a4\u30cd\u304b\u3089\u751f\u7523\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u30a4\u30cd\u306f\u6c34\u7530\u3067\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u6c34\u7530\u306f\u30a4\u30cd\u304c\u53ce\u7a6b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u30a4\u30cd\u304c\u5438\u53ce\u3057\u305f\u990a\u5206\u306e\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u56de\u5fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u304b\u3093\u304c\u3044\u7528\u6c34\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u990a\u5206\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u990a\u5206\u304c\u88dc\u7d66\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u306b\u6c34\u3092\u305f\u304f\u308f\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30ea\u30f3\u3084\u9244\u304c\uff0c\u6c34\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5f62\u614b\uff08\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\uff09\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u3066\u30a4\u30cd\u306b\u5438\u53ce\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u8981\u56e0\u306e\u304a\u304b\u3052\u3067\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u306f\u990a\u5206\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u4f9b\u7d66\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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