{"id":3981,"date":"2024-10-21T09:13:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T00:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=3981"},"modified":"2026-02-16T17:01:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T08:01:45","slug":"%e7%ac%ac734%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802021-r03-10%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c734\u53f7\u30002021-r03-10\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c734\u53f7\u30002021(R03).10\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u767a\u751f\u306e\u54c1\u7a2e\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u91cd\u3068\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u91cd\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b
Fukushima University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food and Agricultural Sciences
\u6df1\u5c71\u3000\u967d\u5b50<\/a>
\u00a7\u571f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3057\u2212\u7b2c\uff15\u56de
\u3088\u3044\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3000\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u2212\u305d\u306e\uff14
\u9069\u5ea6\u306b\u6c34\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u6392\u6c34\u3082\u3088\u3044\u571f\u3068\u306f
Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varietal differences in the occurrence of tomato blistering disease are
\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u91cd\u3068\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u91cd\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fukushima University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food and Agricultural Sciences
\u6df1\u5c71\u3000\u967d\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306f\uff0c\u8449\u3053\u3076\u75c7\u3068\u3082\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u751f\u7406\u969c\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306e\u88cf\u9762\u306b\u3053\u3076\u304c\u73fe\u308c\uff08\u56f3\uff11ab)\uff0c\u75c7\u72b6\u304c\u3072\u3069\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306f\u8449\u304c\u5909\u5f62\uff08\u56f3\uff11c)\u30fb\u8910\u5909\u3057\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u843d\u8449\uff08\u56f3\uff11d\uff09\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306f\u8449\u306e\u8868\u5c64\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u75c7\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a(Suzuki et al.\uff0c2020)\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u82d7\u751f\u7523\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u6d44\u9591\uff0c2015\uff0c\u4e09\u9808\u3089\uff0c2018)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306e\u767a\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u5f37\u5ea6\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u3068\u304d\u3084\u9ad8\u6e7f\u5ea6\u304c\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\uff08Lang\uff0cS. P.\uff0cTibbitts\uff0cT. W. 1983\uff0cEguchi et al.\uff0c2016\u306a\u3069\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u751f\u7523\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u5f37\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e7f\u5ea6\u304c\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7d99\u7d9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3082\u767a\u751f\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\uff0c\u304b\u3093\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e7e\u71e5\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u7d9a\u3044\u305f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u6e7f\u6f64\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u591a\u767a\u3057\u305f\u4e8b\u4f8b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u306e\u5438\u6c34\u91cf\u3068\u84b8\u6563\u91cf\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u54c1\u7a2e\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u5186\u8c37\u3089\uff0c2017\uff0c\u5c0f\u6fa4\u3089\uff0c2018)\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u306e\u5438\u6c34\u3092\u884c\u3046\u6839\u3068\u84b8\u6563\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u767a\u751f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u54c1\u7a2e\u9593\u5dee\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002
\u3000Here we would like to present some of the author's research on tomato blistering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. EUT type<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4f9b\u8a66\u54c1\u7a2e\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u770c\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u54c1\u7a2e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u2018\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u2019,\u2018CF\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u2019,\u2018CF\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u306f\u308b\u304b\u2019,\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30d4\u30fc\u30b9\u2019,\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30db\u30fc\u30d7\u2019,\u2018\u30b5\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u590f\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u65ec\u2019,\u2018TY\u307f\u305d\u308986\u2019,\u2018\u6e58\u5357\u30dd\u30e2\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u2019,\u2018\u6e58\u5357\u30dd\u30e2\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u2019\u306e12\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\u5e02\u8ca9\u57f9\u571f\u3092\u5145\u586b\u3057\u305f128\u7a74\u30bb\u30eb\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u3057\u3066\u80b2\u6210\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u3092\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u4f9b\u8a66\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. interspecific differences in blistering and above-ground dry matter weight\/underground dry matter weight<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Differences in the occurrence of blistering were examined by placing 14-day-old seedlings in the closed seedling production system \"Seedling Terrace\" in an artificial weather chamber at a temperature of 30\u00b0C and a relative humidity of 901 TP3T, with continuous bottom feeding. No blistering was observed in the seedlings before the start of treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u51e6\u7406\uff13\u65e5\u76ee\u3067\u306f\u2018\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u2019,\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30db\u30fc\u30d7\u2019,\u2018\u30b5\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019,\u2018\u6e58\u5357\u30dd\u30e2\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u2019,\u2018\u6e58\u5357\u30dd\u30e2\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u2019\u3067\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c,\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30d4\u30fc\u30b9\u2019\u3067\u306f\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u767a\u751f\u682a\u7387\u306f100%\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u51e6\u7406\uff16\u65e5\u76ee\u3067\u306f,\u2018\u30b5\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019,\u2018\u6e58\u5357\u30dd\u30e2\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u2019\u3067\u767a\u751f\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9,\u2018CF\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u306f\u308b\u304b\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u590f\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u65ec\u2019,\u2018TY\u307f\u305d\u308986\u2019\u3067\u306f100%\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u3002\u51e6\u7406\uff19\u65e5\u76ee\u3067\u306f,\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019\u4ee5\u5916\u306f100%\u306e\u767a\u751f\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff11\uff0c\u56f3\uff12)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The aboveground dry matter weight\/underground dry matter weight was calculated by weighing seedlings grown for 16 days on the \"seedling terrace\" as described above after drying the aboveground and underground portions at 60\u00b0C. The aboveground and underground portions were then weighed.
\u3000\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\/\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\u306f,\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\uff0c\u6b21\u3044\u3067\u2018\u6e58\u5357\u30dd\u30e2\u30ed\u30f3\u30fb\u30ec\u30c3\u30c9\u2019,\u2018TY\u307f\u305d\u308986\u2019\u306e\u9806\u3067\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5024\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9,\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30d4\u30fc\u30b9\u2019\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u6b21\u3044\u3067\u2018\u9e97\u65ec\u2019,\u2018\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u2019\u306e\u9806\u3067\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff13)\u3002
\u3000In other words, the smaller the ratio of roots to above-ground parts, the more likely it was that blistering would occur.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. interspecific differences in water potential variability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306b\u306f,\u300c\u82d7\u30c6\u30e9\u30b9\u300d\u5185\u3067128\u7a74\u30bb\u30eb\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8cfc\u5165\u82d7(\u30d9\u30eb\u30b0\u30a2\u30fc\u30b9(\u682a)\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\uff0c\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30d4\u30fc\u30b9\u2019\uff0c\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u2018CF\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u2019\uff0c\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019\u306e\uff13\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u6c17\u6e2930\u2103\u76f8\u5bfe\u6e7f\u5ea650%\uff0c\u7d66\u6db2\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u4e7e\u71e5\u3057\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u5de5\u6c17\u8c61\u5668\u5185\u306b\u5165\u308c\uff0c24\u6642\u9593\u7d4c\u904e\u5f8c\u306b\u76f8\u5bfe\u6e7f\u5ea690%\uff0c\u9023\u7d9a\u5e95\u9762\u7d66\u6db2\u3092\u884c\u306a\u3046\u6e7f\u6f64\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\uff0c\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u82d7\u306e\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306e\u5024\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u6c34\u5206\u7387\u306f\u51e6\u7406\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u306b78\u301c79%,24\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b37\u301c44%\uff0c\u9023\u7d9a\u5e95\u9762\u7d66\u6db2\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\uff12\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff08\u51e6\u7406\u958b\u59cb\u304b\u308926\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff09\u306b79\u301c80%\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306f,\u2018\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u30d4\u30fc\u30b9\u2019,\u2018CF\u30cf\u30a6\u30b9\u6843\u592a\u90ce\u2019,\u2018\u9e97\u5bb9\u2019\u306e\u9806\u306b\u4e7e\u71e5\u6761\u4ef6\u6642\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u4e7e\u71e5\u6761\u4ef6\u304b\u3089\u6e7f\u6f64\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u306f\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4e0a\u6607\u3057\uff0c26\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\uff13\u54c1\u7a2e\u306e\u5024\u306b\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f(\u56f3\uff14)\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u91cd\/\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u91cd\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u54c1\u7a2e\u307b\u3069\u4e7e\u71e5\u6642\u306b\u6c34\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u304c\u4e0b\u304c\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\uff0c\u6e7f\u6f64\u6642\u306b\u6025\u6fc0\u306b\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u5e45\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000It was inferred that the development process of blistering was caused by an imbalance between the rate of water absorption from the roots and the rate of transpiration from the leaves, resulting in damage to the leaf surface layer due to swelling pressure.
\u3000When growing seedlings in cell trays, bottom-feeding is often used. In bottom-feeding, soil moisture content increases rapidly during watering. Furthermore, in closed seedling production facilities, the relative humidity also increases rapidly during watering. This suggests that the risk of blistering may be greater in cultivars with a low subsoil weight relative to the above-ground weight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4eca\u56de\u306f\uff0c\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306e\u767a\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u9589\u9396\u578b\u82d7\u751f\u7523\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u751f\u80b2\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5b9f\u9a13\u304b\u3089\u6c34\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u6025\u6fc0\u306a\u5909\u5316\u304c\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u767a\u751f\u306e\u4e00\u56e0\u3068\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\uff0c\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u306f\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u3067\u3082\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff15)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306f\u30bb\u30eb\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u3067\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u6642\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5e95\u9762\u7d66\u6db2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u6c34\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u5316\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u91cd\/\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u91cd\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3068\u6c34\u75b1\u75c7\u767a\u751f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8abf\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4eca\u5f8c\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

thanks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000We would like to thank Berg Earth Corporation and Hiroyuki Kikuchi for providing the experimental seedlings. This research was supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research JP19K06013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - No. 5
\u3088\u3044\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3000\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u2212\u305d\u306e\uff14
\u9069\u5ea6\u306b\u6c34\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u6392\u6c34\u3082\u3088\u3044\u571f\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The second of the four conditions for good soil, which concerns the physical properties of the soil, is that the soil should \"retain a moderate amount of moisture and have moderate drainage. In the previous article, I described how to determine whether the soil drains well or not from the cross-section of the soil. This time, we will consider how soil retains water, the fact that some water in the soil can be used by crops and some cannot, and what kind of soil retains water adequately and drains well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. capillary tension is the key to water retention and drainage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u56f3\uff11\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307b\u3057\u3044\u3002\u592a\u3055\u306e\u3061\u304c\u3046\uff12\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u3092\u9752\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u3067\u67d3\u3081\u305f\u6c34\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u3068\u7565\uff09\u306b\u7acb\u3066\u3066\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306e\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u3067\u3082\uff0c\u6c34\u9762\u304c\u5c11\u3057\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u73fe\u8c61\u3068\u3044\u3044\uff0c\u6c34\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u529b\u304c\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u5f35\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7d30\u3044\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u306e\u307b\u3046\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u9ad8\u304f\u5f15\u304d\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u592a\u3044\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u3088\u308a\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u5f35\u529b\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u306e\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u306e\u8868\u9762\u3088\u308a\u4e0a\u306b\u6301\u3061\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u7d30\u3044\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u306f\u7ba1\u306b\u6b8b\u308a\uff0c\u592a\u3044\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u306f\u5e8a\u306b\u843d\u3061\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff12)\u3002\u7d30\u3044\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u306e\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u5f35\u529b\u306f\u91cd\u529b\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u304f\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u6c34\u306f\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\uff08\u4fdd\u6c34\uff09\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u592a\u3044\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u306e\u6bdb\u7d30\u7ba1\u5f35\u529b\u306f\u91cd\u529b\u304c\u4e0b\u65b9\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u308b\u529b\u3088\u308a\u5f31\u304f\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u304c\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7ba1\u304b\u3089\u8131\u843d\uff08\u6392\u6c34\uff09\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Let us consider this in terms of the gaps in the soil. The space between particles in soil is composed of small, thin gaps and large, thick gaps. Sandy soil with coarse grains (coarse-grained soil) has fewer small gaps and more large gaps, so the capillary tension in the gaps is weak and water tends to drain out. This results in poor water retention, which can lead to drought damage to crops. On the other hand, fine-grained and cohesive soil (fine-grained soil) has many small gaps and few large gaps, so the capillary tension in the gaps is strong. Therefore, water is retained in the narrow gaps, resulting in poor drainage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. water that can and cannot be used by crops<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Imagine that there has been a very heavy rainfall and that all the crevices in the soil have been filled with water. There is no space for air to enter the soil, and there are only soil particles and water. The amount of water in the soil at this time is called the \"maximum water capacity. However, about 24 hours after the rain stops, the water that was held in the thick crevices by a force weaker than gravity is pulled down by gravity and drains away. Air enters the gap where the water has been drained away. The amount of water in the soil at this time is called the \"field water capacity. Of course, the drained water cannot be absorbed and used by the crop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000If there is no rain for a while after this condition, the soil dries out. As the dryness progresses, the crop wilts, even though there is no water in the soil at all. At this time, it is often experienced that the wilting is restored by watering. However, if the dryness continues without water, the crop withers and dies. However, even in such a case, the water in the soil has not completely disappeared. The amount of water in the soil at this time is called the \"permanent wilt point\" (wilt means to wilt). The water in the soil at this time is held in very fine crevices and clay (soil particles finer than 0.002 mm in diameter) with a force greater than the water absorption capacity of the crop roots. Therefore, even though the soil has not completely run out of water, the crop cannot absorb the water and withers and dies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Ultimately, the amount of moisture that is available to the crop in the soil is the amount of moisture at the permanent wilting point minus the amount of moisture at the field capacity, which is the state after drainage is completed. This moisture available to the crop is called effective moisture. The water remaining in the soil at the permanent wilting point is called invalid moisture because it is not available for crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. soil type and effective moisture content<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u571f\u306e\u7c92\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3068\u6709\u52b9\u6c34\u5206\u91cf\u306e\u591a\u5c11\u306f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5bc6\u63a5\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3042\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff13)\u3002\u7c92\u306e\u7c97\u3044\uff08\u7c97\u7c92\u8cea\uff09\u571f\u306f\uff0c\u592a\u3044\u5927\u304d\u306a\u3059\u304d\u9593\u304c\u591a\u304f\u6392\u6c34\u304c\u826f\u597d\u306a\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u5703\u5834\u5bb9\u6c34\u91cf\u306e\u6642\u306e\u6c34\u5206\u91cf\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\uff08\u56f3\uff13)\u3002\u571f\u306e\u7c92\u304c\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\uff0c\u7d30\u3044\u3059\u304d\u9593\u304c\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u571f\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6c34\u5206\u91cf\u304c\u5897\u3048\uff0c\u5703\u5834\u5bb9\u6c34\u91cf\u306e\u6c34\u5206\u91cf\u3082\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u7c92\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u307e\u3067\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u6392\u6c34\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u592a\u3044\u3059\u304d\u9593\u306b\u5909\u5316\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u7c92\u304c\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5703\u5834\u5bb9\u6c34\u91cf\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u5316\u305b\u305a\u982d\u6253\u3061\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000On the other hand, the amount of water in the soil when the crop wilts to death, i.e., the amount of water at the permanent wilting point, increases linearly with finer soil grains (Figure 3). This is because the finer the soil grains, the more clay content and very fine crevices there are, and the greater the amount of moisture that is strongly retained there. Therefore, the effective water content, which is the difference between the field water content and the permanent wilting point, is greatest in medium-grained soils (Figure 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. soil with reasonably good drainage and water retention and how to determine this<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Medium-grained soil is neither extremely coarse-grained nor extremely fine-grained. Medium-grained soil has both large gaps for drainage and small but not too fine gaps for water retention. This moderate proportion of crevices produces a soil that drains well and retains a large amount of effective water content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000To determine if the soil is medium-grained, knead the moist soil with your thumb and forefinger and stretch it into a thread. The soil can be considered medium-grained if it can be stretched to the thickness and length of a matchstick, but not beyond that. If the soil is not matchstick-like, but rather difficult to form threads, it is considered coarse-grained soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. the size of soil particles cannot be easily changed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000We know that medium-grained soils are reasonably good for drainage and water retention. However, the size of the soil particles is determined by the degree of weathering of the rocks from which the soil is made, which requires time enough to tell the geologic age of the soil. Turning coarse- or fine-grained soil into medium-grained soil is not something that can be done overnight. Creating gaps in the soil for water retention and drainage requires a generational effort to continue applying organic matter such as compost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":5535,"template":"","agriculture_science_tag":[163],"class_list":["post-3981","agriculture_science","type-agriculture_science","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","agriculture_science_tag-163"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/agriculture_science\/3981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/agriculture_science"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/agriculture_science"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"agriculture_science_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/agriculture_science_tag?post=3981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}