{"id":4015,"date":"2024-10-21T09:12:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T00:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=4015"},"modified":"2024-11-06T19:31:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T10:31:34","slug":"%e7%ac%ac735%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802021-r03-11%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c735\u53f7\u30002021-r03-11\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c735\u53f7\u30002021(R03).11\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30b3\u30ea\u30fc\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb\u306e\u30bb\u30eb\u82d7\u65bd\u7528\u52b9\u679c
Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center
Toso Vegetable Research Laboratory, Paddy Rice and Field Horticulture Research Institute
\u7af9\u5185\u3000\u5927\u9020
\uff08\u73fe\uff1a\u6d77\u531d\u8fb2\u696d\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3000\u6539\u826f\u666e\u53ca\u8ab2\uff09<\/a>
\u00a7\u5148\u4eba\u304c\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u5742\u4e95\u8fb2\u5834\uff08\u7b2c\uff11\u56de\uff09
\u301c120 Years of History - A Look Back at the Transition of Varieties, Fertilizers, etc. as Reflected in the Transcripts
JA Fukui Sakai Farm
\u524d \u8fb2\u5834\u9577\u3000\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u3000\u5f70<\/a>
\u00a7\u571f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3057\u2212\u7b2c\uff16\u56de
\u3088\u3044\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3000\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u2212\u305d\u306e\uff11
\u571f\u306e\u9178\u6027\u5ea6\uff08pH\uff09
Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Effects of cell seedling application of Micro Long Total in broccoli cultivation.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center
Toso Vegetable Research Laboratory, Paddy Rice and Field Horticulture Research Institute
\u7af9\u5185\u3000\u5927\u9020
\uff08\u73fe\uff1a\u6d77\u531d\u8fb2\u696d\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u3000\u6539\u826f\u666e\u53ca\u8ab2\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In Chiba Prefecture, the cultivation of autumn-winter broccoli, which is harvested from November to February, is spreading due to the relatively mild winters in the Kanto region, and there are examples of cultivation not only in the fields but also in the mid-mountainous areas, such as backcropping in paddy fields.
\u3000However, the planting period of cell-molded seedlings is short due to root clogging and lack of nutrients because of the limited capacity of the culture medium for cell-molded seedlings. On the other hand, in the fall\/winter broccoli crop, planting is often delayed due to unseasonable weather conditions in addition to competition with rice harvesting. This has led to the extension of the seedling growing period and the planting of seedlings past the optimum time for planting, which has caused problems such as shortening of the seedlings due to additional fertilization to restore vigor and poor establishment due to over-formation of the root pots.
\u3000In order to expand the planting time of cellular seedlings, we conducted a test on the promotion of seedling growth by box application of a coated fertilizer (Micro Long Total).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About Super Cell Seedlings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7b46\u8005\u304c\u884c\u3063\u305f\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30eb\u82d7\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30b3\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u5fb3\u5cf6\u770c\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u300c\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30eb\u82d7\u300d\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u6280\u8853\u306f\u5404\u5730\u3067\u305d\u306e\u6709\u7528\u6027\u304c\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30eb\u82d7\u306f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u306f30\u65e5\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u306e\u30bb\u30eb\u6210\u578b\u82d7\u3092\u9577\u671f\u9593\uff08\u7d0440\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u6c34\u3060\u3051\u3067\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u3067\uff0c\u5f92\u9577\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u8010\u4e7e\u6027\uff0c\u8010\u75c5\u6027\uff0c\u8010\u866b\u6027\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff08\u5199\u771f\uff11)\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\uff0c\u82d7\u306e\u6d3b\u7740\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u5b9a\u690d\u5f8c10\u65e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u306f\u9069\u671f\u306b\u5b9a\u690d\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u306b\u52a3\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5831\u544a\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Post-planting growth promotion using Micro Long Total<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5343\u8449\u770c\u8fb2\u6797\u7dcf\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u6c34\u7a32\u30fb\u7551\u5730\u5712\u82b8\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6771\u7dcf\u91ce\u83dc\u5ba4\u306e\u5834\u5185\u9732\u5730\u5703\u5834\uff08\u6de1\u8272\u9ed2\u30dc\u30af\u571f\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4f9b\u8a66\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u300c\u3080\u3064\u307f\u300d(\u3231\u30d6\u30ed\u30ea\u30fc\u30c9\uff09\u3067\uff0c\u5e73\u621029\u5e74\uff17\u670825\u65e5\u53ca\u3073\uff18\u670815\u65e5\u306b\u64ad\u7a2e\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u80b2\u82d752\u65e5\u306831\u65e5\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b9\u670815\u65e5\u306b\u5b9a\u690d\u3057\u305f\u300252\u65e5\u9593\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u306f\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u6c34\u306e\u307f\u3067\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u524d\u65e5\u306b\u300c\u304f\u307f\u3042\u3044\u5fae\u91cf\u8981\u7d20\u5165\u308a\u88ab\u8986\u71d0\u785d\u5b89\u52a0\u91cc\u80a5\u6599\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb280\u221240\u300d\u3092\u7bb1\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\uff08\u5199\u771f\uff12)\u3002\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u306f60g\/\u30bb\u30eb\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f52\u65e5ML\u533a\u3068\u5b9a\u690d\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u3082\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u3092\u884c\u308f\u306a\u304452\u65e5\u533a\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff11)\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c31\u65e5\u9593\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b31\u65e5ML\u533a\u306831\u65e5\u533a\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Results and Discussion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Growth at and after planting<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5b9a\u690d\u6642\u306e\u82d7\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u8abf\u67fb\u306f\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u524d\u306b\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u4e0a\u3067\u80b2\u82d7\u65e5\u6570\u3054\u3068\u306b10\u682a\uff12\u53cd\u5fa9\u3067\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u65e5\u6570\u306e\u9577\u3044\u82d7\u307b\u3069\u8349\u4e08\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u8449\u6570\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff12)\u3002\u5b9a\u690d\uff11\u9031\u9593\u5f8c\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u65e5\u6570\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u306f\u6db2\u80a5\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u8349\u4e08\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u8449\u6570\u304c\u591a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u5e73\u621029\u5e74\u306f\u53f0\u98a821\u53f7\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6f6e\u98a8\u5bb3\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\uff0c\u5f53\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u907f\u3051\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Growth at harvest<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5e73\u621029\u5e74\u306f\u53f0\u98a821\u53f7\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6f6e\u98a8\u5bb3\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\uff0c\u5f53\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u5869\u5bb3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6b20\u682a\u304c\u591a\u767a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306b\u751f\u80b2\u304c\u505c\u6ede\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u53ce\u7a6b\u958b\u59cb\u65e5\u306e\u9045\u308c\u3084\u53ce\u91cf\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u304c\u4e88\u60f3\u3055\u308c\u305f\uff08\u5199\u771f\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u53ce\u7a6b\u6642\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u3092\u8868\uff13\u306b\u793a\u3059\u300252\u65e5ML\u533a\u306e\u53ce\u7a6b\u958b\u59cb\u65e5\u306f\uff11\u670810\u65e5\u3068\u6700\u3082\u65e9\u304f\uff0c31\u65e5ML\u533a\u306831\u65e5\u533a\u304c\uff11\u670824\u65e5\uff0c52\u65e5\u533a\u306f\uff12\u6708\uff17\u65e5\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002
\u3000The 31-day ML crop was heavier than the 52-day ML crop, and the 31-day ML crop had the largest flower bud diameter. On the other hand, the number of harvested plants, which seemed to be greatly affected by the typhoon, was the highest in the 52-day ML (4,280 plants\/10a).
\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u5404\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u3067\u53ce\u7a6b\u3057\u305f\u682a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u898f\u683c\u5225\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3092\u56f3\u793a\u3057\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002
<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u898f\u683c\u5225\u5272\u5408\u3067\u306f\uff0cL\u898f\u683c\uff08\u82b1\u857e\u5f8411cm\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u306e\u82b1\u857e\u304c\u6700\u3082\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f52\u65e5ML\u533a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u65e5\u6570\u304c\u540c\u3058\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb\u3092\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u533a\u3067\u8ca9\u58f2\u4e0d\u53ef\u3068\u306a\u308b\u682a\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8ca9\u58f2\u4e0d\u53ef\u306e\u521d\u671f\u751f\u80b2\u304c\u512a\u308c\uff0c\u6f6e\u98a8\u5bb3\u306b\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u53ce\u91cf\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u65e5\u306e\u9045\u308c\u304c\u8efd\u6e1b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u6c34\u3060\u3051\u3067\u80b2\u82d7\u3057\u305f\u82d7\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u63a8\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002
\u3000This is thought to be due to the fact that the fertilizer content of Micro Long Total applied to the cell trays leached out around the root zone, allowing even supercellular seedlings with fully rotated rootpots to absorb the fertilizer content immediately after planting. In addition, when the seedlings were exposed to wind and tide damage, growth stagnated due to leaf damage and root wetness, but because MicroLong Total was applied, the fertilizer content leached out around the roots, which were less susceptible to moisture damage, at the base of the plants, and growth recovered quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4eca\u56de\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb\u3092\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30eb\u82d7\u306e\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u306b\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u690d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u751f\u80b2\u4fc3\u9032\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308b\u3068\u82d7\u306f\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u5f92\u9577\u306e\u69d8\u76f8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u65bd\u7528\u5f8c\u3059\u3050\u306b\u5b9a\u690d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3068\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30eb\u82d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\uff08\u5199\u771f\uff14)\u3002\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f660g\/\u7bb1\u307e\u3067\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u591a\u3044\u307b\u3069\u751f\u80b2\u304c\u512a\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u571f\u58cc\u8868\u9762\u306b\u4ed8\u7740\u305b\u305a\u306b\u96f6\u308c\u843d\u3061\u308b\u30ed\u30b9\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c60\u301c120g\/\u7bb1\u304c\u9069\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u5148\u8ff0\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\uff0c\u672c\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u5e73\u621029\u5e74\u306f\u53f0\u98a8\u3067\u5927\u304d\u306a\u88ab\u5bb3\u304c\u3042\u308a\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u304c\u5341\u5206\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u307b\u304b\uff0c\u5b9a\u690d\u3057\u305f\uff19\u670815\u65e5\u4ee5\u964d\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u5e73\u5e74\u4e26\u307f\u3068\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30ed\u30f3\u30b0\u30c8\u30fc\u30bf\u30eb\u304c\u6eb6\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3088\u308a\u5bd2\u3044\u6642\u671f\u306e\u5b9a\u690d\u3084\u6e07\u6c34\u306e\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u6eb6\u51fa\u901f\u5ea6\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30b3\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3067\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u614e\u91cd\u306a\u691c\u8a0e\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u7559\u610f\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sakai Farm built by our predecessors (Part 1)
\u301c120 Years of History - A Look Back at the Transition of Varieties, Fertilizers, etc. as Reflected in the Transcripts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

JA Fukui Sakai Farm
\u524d \u8fb2\u5834\u9577\u3000\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u3000\u5f70<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5742\u4e95\u8fb2\u5834\u306e\u66f8\u5eab\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb35\u5e74\uff11\u6708\u767a\u520a\uff08\u7b2c\uff12\u5831\uff09\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u6b63\u30fb\u662d\u548c\u30fb\u5e73\u6210\u30fb\u4ee4\u548c\uff15\u4ee3\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b75\u518a\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\u304c\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b8b\u5ff5\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6fc0\u52d5\u306e\u662d\u548c\u6642\u306f\u304b\u306a\u308a\u6563\u5931\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\uff0c\u798f\u4e95\u770c\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6b74\u53f2\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u304c\u7aba\u3048\u308b\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u8cc7\u6599\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3000\u3000
\u3000\u305d\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u8910\u8272\u306b\u5909\u8272\u3057\u305f\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\u304b\u3089\u306f\uff0c\u8fb2\u5bb6\u304c\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u305f\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u771f\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3060\u8fb2\u5834\u3084\u5148\u4eba\u30fb\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u306e\u59ff\u304c\u6d6e\u3093\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u767a\u8db3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306f\uff0c\u770c\u8fb2\u4f1a\u3068\u306e\u9023\u643a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6709\u671b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u683d\u57f9\u3057\uff0c\u826f\u3057\u60aa\u3057\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u54c1\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a66\u9a13\u3068\u80a5\u6599\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6642\u4ee3\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5742\u4e95\u8fb2\u5834\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3060\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

History of Sakai Farm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5742\u4e95\u8fb2\u5834\u306f\uff0c\u770c\u8fb2\u4f1a\u9577\u30fb\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fb2\u4f1a\u9577\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u305f\u5c71\u7530\u6582\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5742\u4e95\u90e1\u8fb2\u4f1a\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u6cbb33\u5e74\u306b\u958b\u8a2d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ee4\u548c\uff12\u5e74\u3067120\u5e74\u76ee\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff62\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8fb2\u5834\u3065\u304f\u308a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c71\u7530\u6c0f\u306e\u6559\u3048\u306e\u3082\u3068\uff0c\u5730\u57df\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8fb2\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u5f53\u521d\u304b\u3089\u770c\u8fb2\u4f1a\u8fb2\u4e8b\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3068\u9023\u643a\u3057\u305f\u512a\u826f\u54c1\u7a2e\u306e\u78ba\u4fdd\u3084\u80a5\u6599\u52b9\u679c\u8a66\u9a13\u7b49\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\u3000\u5927\u6b63\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u3088\u308a\u8fb2\u5bb6\u306b\u5bc6\u7740\u3057\u305f\u8fb2\u5834\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u8a66\u9a13\u5185\u5bb9\u3084\u6280\u8853\u6307\u5c0e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8996\u5bdf\u4f1a\u3092\u958b\u50ac\u3057\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u8fb2\u5834\u53c2\u89b3\u30c7\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d99\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u662d\u548c\uff18\u5e74\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u9ad8\u677e\u5bae\u6bbf\u4e0b\u304c\u5f53\u8fb2\u5834\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u3066\uff0c\u98df\u7ce7\u5897\u7523\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u8fb2\u6c11\u3092\u6fc0\u52b1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6226\u5f8c\u306e\u8fb2\u653f\u6539\u9769\u306e\u4e2d\uff0c\u662d\u548c23\u5e74\u8fb2\u696d\u6539\u826f\u52a9\u9577\u6cd5\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u306e\u6280\u8853\u958b\u767a\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u770c\u304c\u62c5\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u304c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u5404\u5730\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u8fb2\u4f1a\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u306f\u5ec3\u6b62\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u5f53\u8fb2\u5834\u306f\u8fb2\u5bb6\u30fb\u8fb2\u5354\u9577\u30fb\u753a\u6751\u9577\u306e\u539a\u3044\u71b1\u610f\u304b\u3089\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u8fb2\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u5742\u4e95\u90e1\u8fb2\u5354\u9023\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u4f1a\u3078\u3068\u79fb\u7ba1\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u770c\u8fb2\u5354\u4e2d\u592e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7d4c\u6e08\u9023\uff0cJA\u82b1\u54b2\u3075\u304f\u3044\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\uff0c\u4ee4\u548c2\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306fJA\u798f\u4e95\u770c\u304c\u904b\u55b6\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. The Meiji Era The Meiji Era: Sakai County Agricultural Society Agricultural Experiment Station Period (1900-1945)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u660e\u6cbb\u6642\u4ee3\u524d\u534a\uff0816\u5e74\u301c32\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u5168\u56fd\u5e73\u5747\u53ce\u91cf\u306f210kg\/10a\u3068\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4f4e\u304f\uff0c\u53ce\u91cf\u5411\u4e0a\u306f\u6b63\u306b\u7dca\u6025\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
\u3000\u660e\u6cbb35\u5e74\uff11\u6708\u306e\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u8fb2\u5834\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6c34\u7a32\uff0c\u5927\u8c46\uff0c\u9ea6\uff0c\u5c0f\u8c46\uff0c\u6cb9\u83dc\u306a\u3069\u304c\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u54c1\u7a2e\u8a66\u9a13\u304c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u660e\u6cbb35\u5e74\u3068\u660e\u6cbb42\u5e74\u306e\u6c34\u7a32\u306e\u53d6\u7d44\u307f\u306f\uff0c\u8868\uff11\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3068\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u54c1\u7a2e\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u80a5\u6599\u8a66\u9a13\u304c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3067\uff0c\u5927\u9678\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\u3084\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u304b\u3089\u306e\u9c0a\u7c95\u306a\u3069\u9b5a\u7c95\uff0c\u4eba\u7cde\u5c3f\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u4ee3\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a66\u9a13\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u8fb2\u696d\u304c\u5b9f\u8df5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eba\u9020\u80a5\u6599\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u80a5\u6599\uff11\u53f7\uff0c\u65e5\u30ce\u51fa\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u591a\u6728\u4e5d\u91cd\u80a5\u6599\u306a\u3069\uff19\u54c1\u76ee\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u660e\u6cbb37\u5e74\uff12\u6708\u306b\u767a\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\u8868\u7d19\u306e\u88cf\u9762\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u65e5\u9732\u958b\u6226\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u8fb2\u696d\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8fb2\u5546\u52d9\u5927\u81e3\u306e\u6f14\u8aac\u8981\u65e8\u304c\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u4e16\u76f8\u304c\u5072\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306b\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u8981\u65e8\u3092\u307b\u307c\u539f\u6587\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5f62\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

The biggest caution for farmers regarding the start of the war between Japan and Russia.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The export of agricultural products accounts for 431 TP3T of total exports and 521 TP3T of total imports, and since exports are exclusively to Europe and the U.S., the impact of the outbreak of war has been enormous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u25cb\u7c73\u9ea5\uff08\u7c73\u9ea6\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u99ac\u5339\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u5fc5\u9808\u54c1\u3002\u6b8a\u306b\u6226\u6642\u306b\u5728\u3063\u3066\u4f9b\u7d66\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7136\u308b\u306b\u306f\u660e\u6cbb30\u5e74\u306f\u866b\u5bb3\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5916\u56fd\u7c73\u3092\u8cfc\u5165\u3002\u660e\u6cbb35\u5e74\u306f\u5929\u5019\u4e0d\u9806\u306b\u3088\u308a300\u4e07\u77f3\u306e\u6e1b\u53ce\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3089\u305a\u7fcc36\u5e74\u7523\u306e\u9ea5\u3082\u5e73\u5e74\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u5927\u304d\u304f\u6e1b\u53ce\u3002\u4e21\u5e74\u3092\u901a\u30586975\u77f3\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u7c73\u3092\u8f38\u5165\u3002\u5e73\u6642\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3066\u306f\u8f38\u5165\u7c73\u306e\u4fa1\u683c1000\u842c\u5186\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3056\u308b\u306b\uff0c\uff11\u5e74\u51f6\u4f5c\u3042\u308c\u30707000\u842c\u5186\u306e\u6b63\u8ca8\u304c\u6d41\u51fa\u3002\u660e\u6cbb36\u5e74\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f4600\u842c\u77f3\u306e\u8c4a\u4f5c\u3067\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u4eca\u5e74\u306b\u3066\u82e5\u3057\u51f6\u4f5c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3068\u5e7e\u5343\u4e07\u306e\u6b63\u91d1\u304c\u6d77\u5916\u306b\u6d41\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3002
\u3000\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8fb2\u6c11\u3092\u9f13\u821e\u3057\u4ee5\u3066\u8c4a\u53ce\u3092\u5f97\u3056\u308b\u3079\u3057\u3002\u9ea5\u306f\uff0c\u5e73\u5e741900\u4e07\u77f3\u306a\u308b\u306b\u4e0d\u5e78\u306b\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb36\u5e74\u306f\u7a00\u306a\u308b\u51f6\u4f5c\u306b\u4f9d\u308a\u9ea5\u7c89\u306e\u8f38\u5165\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u73fe\u4eca\u99ac\u7ce7\u4e0d\u8db3\u306b\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u5927\u9ea5\uff11\u77f3\u306b\u4ed8\u304d\uff15\u5272\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9a30\u8cb4\u3092\u307f\u308b\u3002\u6628\u51ac\u306f\u5e78\u3044\u306b\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u9ea6\u4f5c\u3092\u5bb3\u3059\u3079\u304d\u5929\u5019\u3067\u306a\u304f\u4eca\u5f8c\u306f\u4eba\u529b\u3092\u5c3d\u304f\u3057\u5e73\u5e74\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u53ce\u7a6b\u3092\u5f97\u3093\u3068\u671b\u3080\u3002\u8fb2\u7523\u306e\u5897\u53ce\u3092\u8a08\u3089\u3056\u308b\u306b\u5e7e\u591a\u969c\u788d\u306e\u524d\u7a0b\u306b\u6a2a\u305f\u308f\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3042\u308a\uff0c
\u3000\u5373\u3061\u672c\u5e74\u306f\u8c4a\u4f5c\u306e\u7fcc\u5e74\u306b\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u7530\u5730\u306e\u990a\u5206\u5e73\u5e38\u3088\u308a\u6b20\u4e4f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u5176\u306e\u4e00\uff0c\u5ec9\u4fa1\u306b\u3066\u591a\u52b9\u3042\u308b\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u4e00\u6642\u4e2d\u7d76\u305b\u3093\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u5176\u306e\u4e8c\uff0c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u9be1\u7c95\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u7b49\u306e\u904b\u642c\u5206\u914d\u4e0a\uff0c\u9077\u5ef6\u306e\u6050\u308c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u5176\u306e\u4e09\uff0c\u58ee\u4e01\u306e\u5fb4\u52df\u306f\u70ba\u306b\u52b4\u529b\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3092\u4f86\u3059\u3053\u3068\u5176\u306e\u56db\u306a\u308a\u3068\u3059\u6545\u306b\uff0c\u5185\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3066\u751f\u7523\u306b\u5f93\u4e8b\u3059\u308b\u8005\u306f\u5341\u4e8c\u5206\u306e\u52e4\u52c9\u3092\u4ee5\u3063\u3066\u5f53\u305f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002
\u3000\u6700\u3082\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u3079\u304d\u4e8b\u9805\u306f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb3\u866b\u306e\u8c6b\u9632\u99c6\u9664\u306b\u3057\u3066\u672c\u5e74\u306f\u8cb4\u91cd\u306e\u7a40\u7269\u4e00\u7c92\u3082\u6d78\u98df\u305b\u3089\u3056\u308b\u306e\u7528\u610f\u3042\u308b\u3079\u304f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u80a5\u6599\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u7530\u7551\u306e\u9ea5\u9593\u306b\u5927\u8c46\uff0c\u8c4c\u8c46\u7b49\u306e\u8c46\u79d1\u690d\u7269\u3092\u8494\u304d\u9752\u5208\u308a\u3057\u3066\u7dd1\u80a5\u306b\u4eca\u79cb\u81f3\u3063\u3066\u306f\u7d2b\u96f2\u82f1\u306a\u3069\u3092\u666e\u53ca\u3057\u5806\u80a5\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u3092\u5897\u52a0\u6539\u826f\u3057\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u3092\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306a\u3089\u3057\u3080\u3079\u304d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9ea5\u4f5c\u53ce\u7a6b\u306e\u6642\u671f\u3092\u8aa4\u3089\u305a\u4e7e\u71e5\u3092\u5b8c\u826f\u306a\u3089\u3057\u3080\u3079\u3057\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5148\u822c\u672c\u5927\u81e3\u306e\u8fb2\u4f1a\u306b\u8ad6\u9054\u305b\u3057\u4e8b\u9805\u306f\u52b1\u884c\u3092\u671f\u305b\u3089\u308b\u3079\u3057\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The speech outlines the following issues: (1) the eradication of pests and diseases, (2) the increase of fertilizer supply by sowing legumes, green manure, and Chinese beans, (3) the timely harvesting and drying of wheat, in order to improve self-sufficiency in rice and wheat, amid concerns about the decline in soil fertility due to the previous year's bumper harvest, the interruption of soybean meal fertilizer supply from the continent, the uncertainty of fish meal supply from Hokkaido, and labor shortages due to the draft. (3) Ensuring and improving yields through timely harvesting and drying of wheat.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(1) Outline of variety testing, etc. (mainly local native species)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In the paddy rice variety trials in 1902, 14 varieties were cultivated, including \"Machiya,\" \"Omi,\" \"Sekitori,\" and \"Ishiuzu,\" which were collected from Ishikawa, Toyama, Niigata, Shiga, and other prefectures in addition to varieties grown in the region.
\u3000\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u79fb\u690d\u6642\u671f\uff08\uff16\u6708\uff18\u65e5) \uff0c\u6210\u719f\u671f\uff08\uff19\u670829\u65e5\u301c10\u670820\u65e5\uff09\u3067\u54c1\u7a2e\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u306f\uff0c345\u301c420kg\/10a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u660e\u6cbb\u672b\u3082\u300e\u5927\u5834\u300f\u300e\u6539\u826f\u77f3\u81fc\u300f\u300e\u934b\u5cf6\u300f\u300e\u5869\u7530\u300f\u300e\u8d8a\u4e2d\u574a\u4e3b\u300f\u306a\u3069\u770c\u5185\u5916\u306e\u6709\u671b\u306a15\u306e\u5728\u6765\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\uff0c\u9ea6\uff0c\u5927\u8c46\u3082\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u57df\u304b\u3089\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5bc4\u305b\uff0c\u9ea615\uff0c\u5927\u8c4620\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\u4f5c\u4ed8\u3051\u3057\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u54c1\u7a2e\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u660e\u6cbb44\u5e74\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u798f\u4e95\u770c\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u300e\u767d\u73cd\u5b50\u300f(\u4f5c\u4ed8\u9762\u7a4d\u306e6%)\u300e\u5927\u5834\u300f(5%)\u300e\u4e00\u672c\u300f(5%\uff09\u3067\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u54c1\u7a2e\u304c\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Outline of fertilizers (mainly soybean meal and kernels)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u660e\u6cbb35\u5e74\u306e\u6c34\u7a32\u65bd\u7528\u57fa\u6e96\u3092\u307f\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u82d7\u4ee3\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u85c1\u7070\uff0c\u4eba\u7cde\u5c3f)\uff0c\u672c\u7530\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u80f4\u9c0a)\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb42\u5e74\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u4ee3\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u85c1\u70ad\uff0c\u7a2e\u7c95\uff0c\u786b\u5b89)\uff0c\u672c\u7530\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u5806\u80a5\uff0c\u904e\u71d0\u9178\u77f3\u7070\uff09\u3067\u904e\u71d0\u9178\u77f3\u7070\u304c\u5e83\u304f\u6d41\u901a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u6210\u7e3e\u66f8\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5404\u8cc7\u6750\u306e\u4fa1\u683c\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3068\u7c73\u53ce\u5165\u306b\u5360\u3081\u308b\u80a5\u6599\u8cbb\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c32%\u3068\u304b\u306a\u308a\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b\u660e\u6cbb35\u5e74\u306e\uff11\u53cd\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u8cbb\u306f\uff0c\u5927\u8c46\u7c9510\u8cab\u30671\u518690\u92ad\uff0c\u80f4\u9c0a10\u8cab\u30673\u518610\u92ad\u5408\u8a085\u5186\uff0c\u7c73\u4fa1\u306f\uff11\u4ff5\u3042\u305f\u308a4\u518696\u92ad\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
\u3000In 1911, with the development of the chemical industry, ammonium sulfate was introduced and used as a supplementary fertilizer for seedlings.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

II. Taisho Period (1912-1926)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u660e\u6cbb33\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u660e\u6cbb44\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u306e10a\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u5168\u56fd\u5e73\u5747\u53ce\u91cf\u306f246kg\u3068\uff0c\u61f8\u547d\u306a\u52aa\u529b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u505c\u6ede\u6c17\u5473\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f4e\u53ce\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u9762\u304b\u3089\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\uff0c\uff2e\u6210\u5206\u306e\u6b86\u3093\u3069\u304c\u6709\u6a5f\u80a5\u6599\u3067\u5929\u5019\u306b\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u304f\uff0c\u80a5\u52b9\u304c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u52a0\u3048\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u304c\u9ad8\u4fa1\u306a\u305f\u3081\u57fa\u6e96\u91cf\u304c\u5b88\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u5927\u6b63\uff12\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u660e\u6cbb\u6642\u4ee3\u540c\u69d8\uff0c\u6c34\u7a32\uff0c\u5927\u8c46\uff0c\u9ea6\u7b49\u304c\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u54c1\u7a2e\u8a66\u9a13\u304c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u6c34\u7a32\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u512a\u826f\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u30fb\u4f9b\u7d66\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u63a1\u7a2e\u7530\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u80a5\u6599\u8a66\u9a13\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u904e\u71d0\u9178\u77f3\u7070\u30fb\u77f3\u7070\u7a92\u7d20\u30fb\u786b\u5b89\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5358\u80a5\u304c\u51fa\u56de\u308a\u59cb\u3081\uff0c\u5143\u80a5\u30fb\u8ffd\u80a5\u30fb\u7a42\u80a5\u306a\u3069\u304d\u3081\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u5927\u6b6313\u5e74\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u6025\u6fc0\u306a\u5897\u52a0\u306a\u3069\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u304b\u3089\u9ea6\uff0c\u5927\u8c46\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\u5b9f\u65bd\u305b\u305a\uff0c\u6c34\u7a32\u3078\u306e\u53ce\u91cf\u78ba\u4fdd\u30fb\u5411\u4e0a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7dca\u8feb\u6027\uff0c\u610f\u6c17\u8fbc\u307f\u304c\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u79fb\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u7d4c\u6e08\u5408\u7406\u6027\u304c\u91cd\u8996\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u3066\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u7384\u7c73\u4ee3\u91d1\u3088\u308a\u80a5\u6599\u4fa1\u683c\u3092\u5dee\u5f15\u3057\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u6709\u5229\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000Around 1921, the price of rice soared, causing rice riots in Toyama Prefecture and other parts of Japan. Rice was freely traded until the first half of the Taisho era (1912-1926), but to stabilize the rice market after World War I, the Rice Law was enacted, under which the government directly controlled a portion of the rice market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Outline of varieties, etc. (Consolidation of local native species)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u672c\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u524d\u534a\u3082\uff0c\u770c\u5185\u3067\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u54c1\u7a2e\u306b\u52a0\u3048\uff0c\u5317\u9678\u5730\u57df\u3084\u6ecb\u8cc0\u770c\u304b\u3089\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5bc4\u305b\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u304a\u3053\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306a\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u300e\u5927\u5834\u300f\u300e\u9ad8\u7802\u300f\u300e\u934b\u5cf6\u300f\u300e\u795e\u529b\u96c4\u753a\u300f\u306a\u306915\u54c1\u7a2e\u3067\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u6642\u671f\uff08\uff16\u6708\uff12,\uff13\u65e5\uff09\u6210\u719f\u671f\uff08\uff19\u670815\u65e5\u301c10\u670821\u65e5\uff09\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53ce\u91cf\uff08270\u301c440kg\/10a\uff09\u306f\u54c1\u7a2e\u9593\u3067\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30c4\u30ad\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u6642\u671f\u306f\u65e9\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000\u5927\u6b6313\u5e74\u9803\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\uff0c\u4e3b\u306b\u798f\u4e95\u770c\u7acb\u8fb2\u4e8b\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u770c\u5185\u5404\u5730\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u307e\u305f\u770c\u5916\u306e\u7a2e\u5834\u7523\u5730\u5bcc\u5c71\u770c\u7a2e\u7530\u6751\u304b\u3089\u3082\u53d6\u308a\u5bc4\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u54c1\u7a2e\u306f\u300e\u798f\u4e95\u5927\u5834\uff11\u53f7\u300f\u300e\u5bcc\u5c71\u9280\u574a\u4e3b\u300f\u300e\u9280\u574a\u4e3b\uff16\u53f7\u300f\u300e\u4e2d\u751f\u73cd\u5b5045\u53f7\u300f\u300e\u8d64\u73cd\u5b50\u300f\u306a\u306919\u54c1\u7a2e\u304c\u683d\u57f9\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u300e\u5bcc\u5c71\u9280\u574a\u4e3b\u300f\u300e\u8d64\u73cd\u5b50\u300f\u306a\u3069\u306f\uff0c400kg\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\u3000The main varieties in Fukui Prefecture in 1918 were \"Oba\" (241 TP3T of the total area planted), \"Chinko\" (171 TP3T), \"Shioda\" (91 TP3T), \"Aikoku\" (41 TP3T), and \"Koso-ishiu\" (31 TP3T), showing that the varieties were much more uniform than during the Meiji Period, when many varieties were grown.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Outline of fertilizers (mainly soybean meal, widely distributed ammonium sulfate)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5927\u6b632\u5e74\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u4ee3\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u85c1\u7070\uff0c\u786b\u5b89)\uff0c\u672c\u7530\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u85c1\u7070\uff09\u3067\uff0c\u5927\u6b6313\u5e74\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u4ee3\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u786b\u5b89)\uff0c\u672c\u7530\u80a5\u6599\uff08\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\uff0c\u786b\u5b89\uff09\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5927\u8c46\u7c95\u304c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3067\uff0c\u786b\u5b89\u304c\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u6d41\u901a\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u65e9\u4e2d\u6669\u751f\u5225\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u57fa\u6e96\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u3088\u308a\u304d\u3081\u7d30\u304b\u306a\u6307\u5c0e\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\u3000The price of rice in 1924 was 15.30 yen per bale, nearly three times higher than in the Meiji era, and the cost of fertilizer (medium raw material) was 10.32 yen per 1 tan with 32 kan of soybean meal. The fertilizer cost as a percentage of rice income was estimated to be 14%, which was about half of that in 1902.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - Part 6
\u3088\u3044\u571f\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3000\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u2212\u305d\u306e\uff11
\u571f\u306e\u9178\u6027\u5ea6\uff08pH\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jcam Agri Co.
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000I believe that good soil for crop production is soil that meets the four conditions that I presented in the first article of this series (May issue). Of these four conditions, I have discussed two that relate to the physical properties of the soil. From this month, I would like to move on to the two conditions related to the chemical properties of soil. This month, I will discuss one of them, acidity (pH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. what is pH?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000First, let's talk about the term pH. pH indicates the strength of acidity or alkalinity. pH ranges from 0 to 14, with neutral being pH 7. A pH value less than 7 is acidic, while a pH value greater than 7 is alkaline. Originally, pH was calculated from the concentration of hydrogen ions dissolved in water (strictly speaking, the degree of activity). The higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the more acidic the water is, and the lower the pH value. Conversely, the lower the hydrogen ion concentration, the greater the pH value, and the less acidic (more alkaline) the water. This is a little different from common sense, so it is easy to get confused.
\u3000For example, the difference between pH 5 and 6 is 1. The difference between pH 4 and 6 is only 2, but the hydrogen ion concentration is 100 times higher at pH 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. pH conditions suitable for crop production<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In Japan, the optimum pH condition for good soil for crop production is in the range of 5.5 to 6.5, which is slightly on the acidic side. Of course, even within this range, the optimum pH varies slightly depending on the crop. For example, spinach, lettuce, chrysanthemum, and tomatoes prefer a pH closer to 6.5. On the other hand, balayasho (Japanese radish) prefers a pH closer to 5.5 for healthy growth, and radish and turnip are also tolerant of acidic conditions. Why is it that the optimal pH of soil in Japan is within this range? The reason is that Japanese soil tends to become acidic when left to nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. factors causing acidification of Japanese soil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000So why does Japanese soil become acidic when left to nature? Two factors are mainly responsible: (1) rainwater and (2) chemical fertilizers, which are indispensable for crop cultivation. The two main factors are (1) rainwater and (2) chemical fertilizers, which are indispensable for crop cultivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Acidification by rainwater<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u96e8\u6c34\u306fpH7\u306e\u4e2d\u6027\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7a7a\u304b\u3089\u843d\u3061\u3066\u304f\u308b\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\uff0c\u5927\u6c17\u4e2d\u306e\u70ad\u9178\u30ac\u30b9\uff08\u4e8c\u9178\u5316\u70ad\u7d20\uff0cCO2<\/sub>\uff09\u3092\u6eb6\u304b\u3057\u8fbc\u307f\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u306e\u70ad\u9178\u6c34\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306epH\u306f5.6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3066\u3082\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u304c\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u9178\u6027\u306e\u6c34\u304c\u571f\u3092\u6d17\u3044\u6d41\u3059\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u571f\u304c\u9178\u6027\u5074\u306b\u50be\u304d\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002
\u3000However, rainwater is naturally carbonated water when it falls in ideal, clean, unpolluted air. In areas with severe air pollution, various air pollutants are present in the atmosphere, such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and chlorides from the oceans. These substances are also dissolved in rainwater and chemically transformed into strongly acidic substances such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid, respectively. This results in rainfall with a pH lower than the ideal pH of rainwater (carbonated water) of 5.6. This is acid rain (snow and fog also become acidic through the same mechanism as rain). Even ordinary rainwater, when washed away from the soil over a long period of time, causes acidification of the soil. Needless to say, acid rain (snow and fog) accelerates soil acidification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Acidification by chemical fertilizers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The second soil acidifying factor is chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are chemically manufactured crop nutrients. While they themselves may provide nutrients to crops, they do not have any specific detrimental effects on crops. However, if chemical fertilizers are not used properly, they can have a variety of negative effects. Acidification is one of them.
\u3000However, not all chemical fertilizers acidify the soil to the same degree. Urea, for example, is decomposed by microorganisms in the soil and then converted to ammonia for use by plants. Therefore, it acidifies the soil to a lesser degree than other fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) and ammonium phosphate (ammonium phosphate) are also members of this class of fertilizers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. why soil acidification is bad for crop growth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u571f\u306e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u3084\u990a\u5206\u306e\u4f5c\u7269\u3078\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u306f\u571f\u306epH\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002\u305d\u306e\u571f\u306e\u9178\u6027\u5316\uff08\u4f4epH\u5316\uff09\u304c\u4f5c\u7269\u751f\u80b2\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304c\u8868\uff11\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u571f\u306e\u9178\u6027\u5316\u306f\u4f5c\u7269\u306b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u304a\u3088\u307c\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3046\u3061\uff0c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u91cd\u5927\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306f\u9178\u6027\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3084\u9244\uff0c\u30de\u30f3\u30ac\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u304c\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u6c34\uff08\u571f\u58cc\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u51fa\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f5c\u7269\u306b\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u306f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u7c98\u571f\u9271\u7269\u306e\u7d50\u6676\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u571f\u306e\u9178\u6027\u5316\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5897\u3048\u305f\u6c34\u7d20\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u7c98\u571f\u9271\u7269\u306e\u7d50\u6676\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3057\uff0c\u7d50\u6676\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3092\u571f\u58cc\u6eb6\u6db2\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5404\u7a2e\u306e\u967d\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3068\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5f62\u614b\uff08\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\uff09\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0cpH\u304c5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u6025\u901f\u306b\u571f\u58cc\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u6fc3\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002\u571f\u58cc\u6eb6\u6db2\u306e\u9ad8\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\uff0c\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u6839\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\uff0c\u990a\u5206\u5438\u53ce\u3092\u963b\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u571f\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u591a\u304f\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u9244\u3084\u30de\u30f3\u30ac\u30f3\u3082\uff0c\u9178\u6027\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6025\u306b\u571f\u58cc\u6eb6\u6db2\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002\u9244\u3084\u30de\u30f3\u30ac\u30f3\u306f\uff0c\u30a2\u30eb\u30df\u30cb\u30a6\u30e0\u3068\u3061\u304c\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u7269\u306e\u5fc5\u9808\u990a\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u571f\u304c\u9178\u6027\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u904e\u5270\u306b\u6eb6\u3051\u51fa\u3059\u3068\uff0c\u4f5c\u7269\u306b\u904e\u5270\u5438\u53ce\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u751f\u80b2\u306b\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002
\u3000Even more inconvenient is the fact that aluminum and iron are strongly bound to phosphorus, and the combined aluminum and iron phosphates are almost insoluble in water. This makes it difficult to absorb the phosphorus that is fed as fertilizer, and crops are prone to phosphorus deficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. proper acid amendment of soil as well.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000You cannot tell its pH just by looking at the soil. It is practical to have the soil analyzed by soil diagnosis. If the analysis shows that the pH is lower than the optimum pH, the amount of alkaline material (calcium carbonate, etc.) needed to improve the pH to the optimum level is suggested. The acidity can be improved by giving the appropriate amount to the field and thoroughly mixing it with the soil. Conditions related to the chemical properties of the soil are relatively easy to improve, unlike the physical properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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