{"id":4507,"date":"2024-11-08T09:27:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T00:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=4507"},"modified":"2026-02-17T16:38:08","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T07:38:08","slug":"%e7%ac%ac716%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802019-r1-12%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c716\u53f7\u30002019-r1-12\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c716\u53f7\u30002019(R1).12\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u300c\u7d05\u79c0\u5cf0\u300d\u306e\u5927\u7389\u751f\u7523\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u704c\u6c34\u30fb\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853
Yamagata Prefectural Agricultural Research Center
Horticultural Experiment Station, Horticultural Environment Dept.
\u4e3b\u4efb\u5c02\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u5b89\u85e4\u3000\u9686\u4e4b<\/a>
\u00a7 Agricultural Activities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction
\u6771\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u3000\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388
\u9f4b\u85e4\u3000\u96c5\u5178<\/a>
\u00a7 2019 General Index of this Journal's Previous Editions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irrigation and Fertilization Techniques for Producing Large Red Shuho Cherry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yamagata Prefectural Agricultural Research Center
Horticultural Experiment Station, Horticultural Environment Dept.
\u4e3b\u4efb\u5c02\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u5b89\u85e4\u3000\u9686\u4e4b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Yamagata Prefecture is one of the leading fruit tree producing prefectures in Japan, ranking third in the nation in terms of fruit tree production in fiscal year 2009. Among these, oto is the \"face\" of Yamagata Prefecture, boasting a production value of 36.8 billion yen and accounting for 761 TP3T of the national production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000As we actively export agricultural products in the future, most of the oriental peppers distributed overseas are 3L size (31 mm or larger in diameter), whereas Japanese fruits are 2L size even if they are large. Although they are highly evaluated for their good eating quality and fruit coloring, they are inferior in terms of size, making them weak in terms of competitiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In order to increase the competitiveness of Yamagata-grown oats in overseas markets, we have been developing technology to produce large, high-quality oats, mainly 3L size, by using the prefectural variety \"Benishuho\". These results were obtained through the \"Development of Production and Processing Technologies for Super-Large Ohtou for Enhancing International Competitiveness and Expanding Exports\", an innovative technology development and urgent deployment project (regional strategic project) conducted by the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Japan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. test outline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Establishment of soil moisture management indexes for production of large red grapes.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Although there is a standard irrigation technique for \"Sato Nishiki\" using pF value as an indicator (Table 1), there is no standard for \"Benihide\", and irrigation has been carried out based on experience and intuition. In fact, when irrigation was carried out according to the irrigation guideline for \"Sato Nishiki,\" the grapes often showed symptoms of water stress such as leaf curling and wilting as the harvest period approached, suggesting that more irrigation was necessary for \"Beni Shuho\" than for \"Sato Nishiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000For this reason, a test area was set up in which soil moisture was managed at a higher level than the \"standard for Sato Nishiki.\" Trees grown in 60-liter pots were tested, and soil moisture management indices were created.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Improvement of nitrogen fertilization method for \"Red Shuho<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In Yamagata Prefecture, the standard annual nitrogen fertilizer rate is 15 kg-N\/10a, which is generally applied as a post-harvest fertilizer and a basal fertilizer from the lower part of September to the upper part of October (Table 2). However, because Beni Shuho is a fertile grape variety, its vigor tends to be a little weaker than that of Sato Nishiki, and its fruits tend to be less fertile. As a countermeasure, we recommend increasing the ratio of post-harvest fertilizer to 50%, which has been shown to maintain vigor and produce good fruit. In addition, when the full annual amount of fertilizer was applied to \"Sato Nishiki\" immediately after harvest, the growth and fruit quality were equal to or better than those of \"Sato Nishiki\", and the effect of increased yield was obtained.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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3. test method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Soil moisture management for production of large \"Red Shuho\" grapes (pot cultivation)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Red Shuho\" (5th year, as of 2016) cultivars grown in 60L pots were tested to investigate fruit quality when irrigation was managed at a higher soil moisture level than that of \"Sato Nishiki\" (Table 3), using the standard irrigation rate of \"Sato Nishiki\" as the practice in 2016, and at different growth stages. The irrigation was applied when the pF value reached a predetermined level. Fruit set was managed by picking 3 buds\/bunch of short-fruited branches before budding and 2 fruits\/bunch of short-fruited branches around 20 days after full bloom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In 2017, a new plot was added in which soil moisture was further managed for enrichment (Table 4) , and fruit quality was investigated. Note that in 2017, budding was conducted on 2 buds\/flower bunches of short-fruited branches before budding, and harvesting was conducted on 2 full-fruited\/flower bunches of short-fruited branches around 20 days after full bloom.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Soil moisture management of \"Red Shuho\" created (field test)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In order to verify the test results with pot-grown trees, we conducted a verification test using 21-year-old \"Benishuho\" \/ Aoba cherry trees that have been planted in the field since 2017, with the test plot where soil moisture management was conducted based on the irrigation guidelines of \"Sato Nishiki\" as the conventional irrigated plot and the improved irrigated plot as the moisture management with the best fruit quality (growth) in the pot test (Table 5). The verification test was conducted using the conventional irrigated area as the test area and the improved irrigated area as the area with the best fruit quality (growth) in the pot test (Table 5). In order to eliminate the influence of rainfall, the test was conducted under rain cover from the flowering period until harvest. For fruit set management, 3 buds\/bunch of short-fruited branches were harvested before budding, and 2 fruits\/bunch of short-fruited branches were harvested around 20 days after full bloom.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"image\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(3) Improve nitrogen fertilization methods<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u30002016\u5e74\u304b\u3089\uff12\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5834\u5185\u5703\u5834\uff08\u7d30\u7c92\u8910\u8272\u4f4e\u5730\u571f\uff09\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c20\u5e74\u751f\u300c\u7d05\u79c0\u5cf0\uff63 \/\u30a2\u30aa\u30d0\u30b6\u30af\u30e9\u53f0\uff082016\u5e74\u6642\u70b9\uff09\u3092\u4f9b\u8a66\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5e74\u9593\u7a92\u7d20\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u309215kg\u2212N\/10a\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u5f8c\u306e\u793c\u80a5\u5272\u5408\u309250%\uff0c\uff19\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u306e\u57fa\u80a5\u5272\u5408\u309250%\u306b\u5206\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u533a\u3092\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u5f8c\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u3057\u305f\u533a\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65bd\u80a5\u6539\u5584\u533a\u3068\u547c\u3076\uff09\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u3084\u679c\u5b9f\u54c1\u8cea\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7a92\u7d20\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5\u6539\u5584\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff16) \u3002\u7d50\u5b9f\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u704c\u6c34\u8a66\u9a13\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

4. test results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Soil moisture management for production of large \"Red Shuho\" grapes (pot trial)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In particular, the wettest area with the highest soil moisture among the test areas in 2016 had the highest percentage of fruits larger than 2 L, and the sugar content was also higher than that of the conventional area (Table 7). There were no significant differences in fruit characteristics (coloration and compressive strength) other than single fruit weight among all the test areas (Table 8), suggesting that it is more important to manage soil moisture until harvest time for \"Red Shuho\" than for \"Sato Nishiki\".<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u30002017\u5e74\u306f\uff0c2016\u5e74\u306b\u6700\u3082\u826f\u597d\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u6e7f\u6f64\u533a\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u571f\u58cc\u6c34\u5206\u3092\u3088\u308a\u591a\u3081\u306b\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u533a\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u524d\u5e74\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff0c\u6e7f\u6f64\u533a\u30672L\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u679c\u5b9f\u5272\u5408\u304c\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff19) \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u6e80\u958b\uff14\u9031\u9593\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u571f\u58cc\u6c34\u5206\u3092\u591a\u304f\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u9006\u306b\u679c\u5b9f\u80a5\u5927\u304c\u52a3\u308b\u50be\u5411\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u6c34\u5206\u304c\u904e\u5270\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6839\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u304c\u52a3\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u63a8\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30022016\u5e74\u540c\u69d8\uff0c\u679c\u5b9f\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3084\u4e00\u679c\u91cd\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u679c\u5b9f\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u307b\u307c\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff08\u886810) \u3002\u306a\u304a\uff0c2018\u5e74\u306b\u3082\u8ffd\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c2017\u5e74\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff08\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u7701\u7565) \u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\uff12\u30ab\u5e74\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u304b\u3089\uff0c\uff62\u7d05\u79c0\u5cf0\uff63\u306e\u5927\u7389\u751f\u7523\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u767a\u82bd\u301c\u7740\u8272\u671f\u307e\u3067\u306fpF1.8\uff0c\u7740\u8272\u671f\u301c\u53ce\u7a6b\uff11\u9031\u9593\u524d\u307e\u3067\u306fpF2.0\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306fpF2.4\u3068\u3059\u308b\u571f\u58cc\u6c34\u5206\u7ba1\u7406\u304c\u9069\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"image\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Verification of soil moisture management indices in the field (irrigation treatment test) and nitrogen fertilization method
\u3000\u3000\u3000Improvement test (fertilizer treatment test)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000A combination of improved irrigation and fertilizer treatments were applied to 22-year-old 'Red Shuho'\/'Aoba-zakura' trees (2018) in a plot in the horticultural experiment station. The results showed that the number of flower buds per bouquet-like short-fruited branch was higher in the irrigated area than in the conventional area, indicating the effect of irrigation (Table 11). Fruiting rate was higher in the improved area where all fertilizer was applied after harvest, and the number of fruiting shoots per bouquet of short-fruited branches was higher in the improved area.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The difference in fruit diameter between the irrigated and non-irrigated areas became larger after the coloring period, and the fruit tended to continue to grow until the latter half of the season when a certain level of soil moisture was maintained until harvest (data omitted). The actual percentage of fruit greater than 3 L per tree was higher in the improved irrigated area, at 801 TP3T or more, and 301 TP3T or more higher than in the conventional irrigated area (Table 12). In terms of fruit traits other than fruit size, the compressive strength of fruit in the irrigated area was higher, but the other traits were the same (Table 13). The results were also similar in the field plots where the same moisture management was conducted (data omitted). On the other hand, there was no effect of improved fertilizer application on fruit size and compressive strength.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000The growth results were obtained up to 2 years after fertilization, and the effects of the treatments on shoot length and leaf size were similar to those of the conventional treatments in both the irrigation and fertilization tests (data omitted).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Although there was no effect of improved fertilizer application on the production of large grapes of \"Red Shuho,\" the effect of improved irrigation was very high. Therefore, it is important to irrigate \"Beni Shuho\" with slightly more soil moisture than the standard irrigation of \"Sato Nishiki\" until harvest, and to manage irrigation according to the indices in Table 14 based on pF values. The total post-harvest fertilization of \"Red Shuho\" improved the fruiting rate and the tree growth was equivalent to that of conventional fertilization (3 T of 501 TP each applied as a fertilizer and a base fertilizer), suggesting that this method is effective in reducing fertilizer use.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agricultural Activities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6771\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u3000\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388
\u9f4b\u85e4\u3000\u96c5\u5178<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. planetary boundary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000It has been exactly 10 years since Rockstr\u00f6m et al. introduced the concept of Planetary Boundaries (PB) in Nature in 2009, which describes the environmental capacity for sustainable human development within the finite Earth system. PB is the environmental capacity for sustainable human development in the finite earth system. In other words, it indicates that there is a risk of \"irreversible and rapid environmental change\" after human activities exceed the threshold of PB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3059\u3067\u306b1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u8239\u5730\u7403\u53f7\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3067\u4eba\u985e\u306f\u5730\u7403\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9589\u9396\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5316\u77f3\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3064\u3065\u3051\uff0c\u6c5a\u67d3\u3092\u307e\u304d\u3061\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u554f\u984c\u70b9\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\uff0c\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u30af\u30e9\u30d6\u304c\u300c\u6210\u9577\u306e\u9650\u754c\u300d\u3067\u5730\u7403\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\uff0c\uff62\u4eba\u53e3\u5897\u52a0\u3084\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u50be\u5411\u304c\u7d9a\u3051\u3070\uff0c100\u5e74\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306e\u6210\u9577\u306f\u9650\u754c\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8b66\u9418\u3092\u9cf4\u3089\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304c1972\u5e74\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u9855\u5728\u5316\u3057\uff0cIPCC\u304c\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304c1988\u5e74\u3002\u5730\u7403\u306e\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6709\u9650\u6027\u3068\u9589\u9396\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5730\u7403\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u6c5a\u67d3\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4eba\u9593\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u5730\u7403\u6c17\u8c61\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u307e\u3067\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u3068\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u958b\u767a\u306e\u8abf\u548c\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u8ad6\u8b70\u3055\u308c\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u6570\u3005\u306e\u63d0\u8a00\u306f\u7a2e\u3005\u306e\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u3082\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u306f\u6df1\u523b\u3055\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3092\u5897\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The PB paper cited at the beginning of this paper analyzed the current status of nine major processes related to the global environment, and found that climate change, lack of biodiversity, and biogeochemical processes (nitrogen and phosphorus) had already exceeded the PB, or the threshold that would cause irreversible changes in the global environment (Figure 1). Calculations based on various models suggest that if the PB is below the threshold, compensatory actions in the Earth system will prevent irreversible and abrupt changes from occurring.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"image\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000In this paper, I would like to discuss \"climate change, especially greenhouse gases\", which were pointed out to have already crossed the threshold in the PB 10 years ago, and the problem has become even more serious during the past decade, and their relation to agricultural activities from the perspective of the life cycle of food production and consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. life cycle assessment (LCA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Environmental problems are extremely diverse, ranging from the local to the global level, and trade-offs often occur where technologies introduced to reduce some environmental impacts increase other impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methods have been developed to evaluate the total environmental impacts of products and services throughout their life cycles, and are now widely used as a general tool for environmental impact assessment in various industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method of analyzing and evaluating the environmental impact of a product based on a comprehensive survey of the types and amounts of energy, materials, and waste generated throughout the product's life cycle, from raw materials to manufacturing, use (consumption), and disposal. LCA has been developed for industrial products, but there are high expectations for the LCA method as an evaluation tool for environmentally friendly agriculture, and since then, research on LCA for food systems, including not only production sites but also distribution and processing of agricultural products, has been expanding both in Japan and overseas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. greenhouse gases<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u3000In 2014, FAO warned that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry, and fisheries have almost doubled in the past 50 years and that if no action is taken now, emissions will increase by another 301 TP3T by 2050. In other words, in order to minimize climate change, there is no time to spare for greenhouse gas reduction in the agricultural sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. greenhouse gas emissions in the food system<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Agricultural products are produced on the farm, stored or processed, delivered to consumers, consumed, and the residues are disposed of. By examining the environmental impact of food products throughout their life cycle, it is possible to determine the processes that emit greenhouse gases during food production (Figure 2).<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"image\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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5. Carbon footprint<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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https:\/\/www.cfp-japan.jp\/about\/<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u7406\u7531\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u52a0\u3048\uff0c\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u30ab\u30fc\u30dc\u30f3\u30d5\u30c3\u30c8\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6d88\u8cbb\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3082\u77e5\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u65bd\u8a2d\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7701\u30a8\u30cd\u3084\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65bd\u80a5\u91cf\u524a\u6e1b\u306f\uff0c\u7d4c\u55b6\u7684\u306b\u3082\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u306e\u3067\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3082\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7523\u8005\u3084\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u696d\u8005\u7b49\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u524a\u6e1b\u3078\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u8ca9\u58f2\u9762\u306a\u3069\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u3044\u304b\u306b\u5b9f\u52b9\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308bCO2<\/sub>\u6392\u51fa\u306b\u3064\u306a\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304f\u304b\u304c\u554f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u4f34\u3044\uff0c\u683d\u57f9\u306e\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u306f\u9ad8\u6e29\u306b\u3088\u308b\u767b\u719f\u4e0d\u826f\u3084\u54c1\u8cea\u4f4e\u4e0b\u306a\u3069\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u554f\u984c\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5bfe\u7b56\u6280\u8853\u306e\u958b\u767a\u304c\u9032\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7523\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3082\u6e29\u5ba4\u52b9\u679c\u30ac\u30b9\u3092\u6392\u51fa\u3057\uff0c\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u8cac\u4efb\u306e\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5fd8\u308c\u308b\u8a33\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306eCO2<\/sub>\u6392\u51fa\u3092\u307f\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u751f\u7523\uff08\u683d\u57f9\u301c\u53ce\u7a6b\uff09\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u8ca0\u8377\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\uff08\u80a5\u6599\u30fb\u8fb2\u85ac\u30fb\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u5229\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u524a\u6e1b\u306a\u3069)\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3092\u307e\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000On the other hand, biogeochemical processes (nitrogen and phosphorus) mentioned in the PB refer to the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, and are inseparably related to agriculture, especially fertilizer use. Last year, a paper was published in Nature (Springmann et al., Nature 562: 520-524, 2018) that examined how the food system as a whole can reduce its environmental impact, including greenhouse gases, to below PB. The environmental impacts were estimated under several scenarios, including technological measures such as improving fertilizer efficiency, reducing food loss, and shifting from meat to vegetarian diets, all of which would have difficulty reducing environmental impacts below the PB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u5e73\u884c\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u4e57\u7684\u306a\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u76ee\u6a19\u9054\u6210\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u5730\u7403\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u8ad6\u8b70\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u8fb2\u696d\u3068\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\uff0c\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff0c\u8907\u773c\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u5bfe\u7b56\u3092\u5e73\u884c\u3057\u3066\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2019 General Index of Previous Issues of this Journal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff11\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Stable production with low cost
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u3000\u751f\u7523\u7ba1\u7406\u672c\u90e8\u9577\u3000\u671b\u6708\u3000\u5f18\u9053
Development of a Total Basal Fertilizer Cultivation Technique for Semi-Promoted Tomato Plots with Accumulated \u00a7Phosphoric Acid
\u3000\u611b\u77e5\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u8a66\u9a13\u5834
\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u3000\u91ce\u83dc\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4
\u3000\u4f50\u85e4\u3000\u5e83\u5e78
\u00a7Examination of the practicality of J-Coat, a rice one-shot fertilizer coated with a new type of film
\u3000\u9759\u5ca1\u8fb2\u6797\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6240
\u3000\u6c34\u7530\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7523\u6280\u8853\u79d1
\u3000\u677e\u6c38\u3000\u771f
\u3000\u767d\u9ce5\u3000\u5b5d\u592a\u90ce
\u3000\uff08\u73fe \u9759\u5ca1\u770c\u5e81\u755c\u7523\u632f\u8208\u8ab2\u3000\u755c\u7523\u6280\u8853\u73ed\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff12\u6708\u30fb\uff13\u6708\u5408\u4f75\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u30c8\u30de\u30c8\u306e\u7d10\u683d\u57f9
\u3000\uff0d\u80a5\u52b9\u8abf\u7bc0\u578b\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u7d10\u4e0a\u7f6e\u304d\u80a5\uff0d
\u3000\u685d\u7530\u3000\u6b63\u6cbb
\u3000\uff08\u5143 \u5ca1\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u3000\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\uff09
\u00a7 Chemical fertilizers: from the advent of chemical fertilizers to the present and the future
\u3000\uff0d\u5316\u5b66\u80a5\u6599\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u5f79\u5272\uff0d
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u3000\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff14\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7The trend and function of nitrates in the body
\u3000\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f\u3000\u67f4\u7530\u3000\u52dd
\u00a7\u30ab\u30ea\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7384\u7c73\u4e2d\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u30bb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u5438\u53ce\u6291\u5236\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u907f\u96e3\u6307\u793a\u533a\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8fb2\u696d\u5fa9\u8208\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f
\u3000\u798f\u5cf6\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u6d5c\u5730\u57df\u8fb2\u696d\u518d\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u9f4b\u85e4\u3000\u9686<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff15\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
Growth yield and degree of film collapse of rice plants using \u00a7-coated urea fertilizer (J-Coat)
\u3000\u5143 \u798f\u5cf6\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u4f1a\u6d25\u5730\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u6240
\u3000\u5c02\u9580\u54e1\u3000\u5ddd\u5cf6\u3000\u5bdb
\u00a7MEISTER Fertilizer Efficacy Test on Paddy Rice in Jilin Province, China (Report 1)
\u3000\u79cb\u7530\u770c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66
\u3000\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388\u3000\u4f50\u85e4\u3000\u6566<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff16\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Rice MEISTER Fertilizer Efficacy Test in Jilin Province, China (Report 2)
\u3000\u79cb\u7530\u770c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66
\u3000\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388\u3000\u4f50\u85e4\u3000\u6566
\u00a7 Phosphoric acid reduction index in leafy vegetables (komatsuna and spinach)
\u3000\u5c90\u961c\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u571f\u58cc\u5316\u5b66\u90e8
\u3000\u5c02\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u548c\u7530\u3000\u5dfd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff17\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u7a4d\u96ea\u5730\u57df\u306e\u30ca\u30b7\u683d\u57f9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7de9\u52b9\u6027\u80a5\u6599\u5165\u308aBB\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u57fa\u80a5\u30fb\u793c\u80a5\u540c\u6642\u65bd\u80a5\u6280\u8853\u306e\u78ba\u7acb
\u3000\u4eac\u90fd\u5e9c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u8fb2\u6797\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u4e39\u5f8c\u8fb2\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u6240
\u3000\u5c71\u53e3\u3000\u4fca\u6625
\u00a7Improvement of Seed Protein Quality by \"Wheat Fertilizer Daimyo,\" a Fertilizer with Controlled Fertilizer Effects on Wheat
\u3000\u718a\u672c\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u751f\u7523\u74b0\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u6240
\u3000\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u9580\u7530\u3000\u5065\u592a\u90ce<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c\uff18\u6708\u30fb\uff19\u6708\u5408\u4f75\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7\u51a0\u6c34\u306e\u6642\u671f\u3068\u6642\u9593\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u6e5b\u6c34\u5f8c\u306e\u6db2\u80a5\u304b\u3093\u6ce8\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u30ec\u30bf\u30b9\u306e\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u53ce\u91cf\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff
\u3000\u5175\u5eab\u770c\u7acb\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u6280\u8853\u7dcf\u5408\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u6de1\u8def\u8fb2\u696d\u6280\u8853\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u90e8
\u3000\u4e3b\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u4e2d\u91ce\u3000\u4f38\u4e00
\u00a7\u30b4\u30eb\u30d5\u5834\u3067\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b5\u30c3\u30c1\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3068CDU\u5165\u308a\u80a5\u6599\u306e\u829d\u751f\u30b5\u30c3\u30c1\u5206\u89e3\u52b9\u679c\u8a66\u9a13
\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u8ca1\u56e3\u6cd5\u4eba\u95a2\u897f\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u7814\u7a76\u6240
\u3000\u6240\u9577\u3000\u68ee\u3000\u5c06\u4eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c10\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7Science of seeing the invisible - Application to the field of agriculture
\u3000\u798f\u5cf6\u5927\u5b66\u3000\u8fb2\u5b66\u7fa4\u3000\u98df\u8fb2\u5b66\u985e
\u3000\u6559\u6388\u3000\u5e73\u3000\u4fee
\u00a7An approach to citrus one-shot fertilization system in Shizuoka Prefecture
\u3000JA\u9759\u5ca1\u7d4c\u6e08\u9023\u3000\u307f\u304b\u3093\u5712\u82b8\u90e8\u3000\u67d1\u6a58\u679c\u6a39\u8ab2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c11\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Fertilization management of park trees by local residents
\u3000\u9f4a\u85e4\u79c0\u5e78\uff11<\/sup>\u30fb\u83c5\u539f\u5fc3\u4e5f\uff11<\/sup>\u30fb\u6c93\u6ca2\u30df\u30a8\u5b50\uff12<\/sup>\u30fb\u7531\u5229\u771f\u4eba\uff13<\/sup>\u30fb\u6a4b\u672c\u5927\u6a39\uff14<\/sup>\u30fb\u8fbb \u4fe1\u4e00\uff15<\/sup>
\u3000\uff08\uff11<\/sup>\u5bae\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u30fb\uff12<\/sup>\u3064\u3070\u3081\u306e\u675c\u516c\u5712\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u30fb\uff13<\/sup>\u5c71\u5143\u753a\u5f79\u5834\u30fb\uff14<\/sup>\u5c71\u5143\u5fa9\u8208\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\uff15<\/sup>\u795e\u6238\u307e\u3061\u3065\u304f\u308a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff09
\u00a7 Integrated control of above-ground and below-ground management to support smart agriculture in horticulture facilities
\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u30fb\u98df\u54c1\u7523\u696d\u6280\u8853\u7dcf\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb
\u3000\u91ce\u83dc\u82b1\u304d\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u9580
\u3000\u5ca9\u5d0e\u3000\u6cf0\u6c38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff1c12\u6708\u53f7\uff1e
\u00a7 Irrigation and fertilizer application techniques for the production of large \"Beni Shuho\" grapes
\u3000\u5c71\u5f62\u770c\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc
\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u3000\u5712\u82b8\u74b0\u5883\u90e8
\u3000\u4e3b\u4efb\u5c02\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3000\u5b89\u85e4\u3000\u9686\u4e4b
\u00a7 Agricultural Activities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction
\u3000\u6771\u5317\u5927\u5b66
\u3000\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388\u3000\u9f4b\u85e4\u3000\u96c5\u5178
\u00a7 2019 General Index of this Journal's Previous Editions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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