{"id":4697,"date":"2024-11-29T14:40:26","date_gmt":"2024-11-29T05:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=agriculture_science&p=4697"},"modified":"2026-07-07T13:58:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T04:58:38","slug":"%e7%ac%ac761%e5%8f%b7%e3%80%802024-r6-06%e7%99%ba%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"agriculture_science","link":"https:\/\/www.jcam-agri.co.jp\/en\/agriculture_science\/\u7b2c761\u53f7\u30002024-r6-06\u767a\u884c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c761\u53f7\u30002024(R6).06\u767a\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a7\u80b2\u82d7\u7bb1\u5168\u91cf\u65bd\u80a5\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u9084\u5143\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066
Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Center
\u534a\u6fa4\u3000\u52dd\u62d3
\u5b89\u7530\u3000\u512a\u8863<\/a>
\u00a7\u571f\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3057\uff0d\u7b2c32\u56de
\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u7015\u3059\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u571f\uff0d\u305d\u306e\uff12
\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u571f\u3092\u52a3\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b
\u524d \u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seedling Box Total Fertilizer Application Method
\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u9084\u5143\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Center
\u534a\u6fa4\u3000\u52dd\u62d3
\u5b89\u7530\u3000\u512a\u8863<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In recent years, rice paddy production has been changing to a \"box fertilizer application\" (hereinafter referred to as \"box fertilization\") for the purpose of reducing the amount of nitrogen applied to rice seedlings and saving labor.
The use of the \"Aizu\" region in Fukushima Prefecture is also widespread, especially in the Aizu region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u3078\u306e\u5806\u80a5\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u91cf\u306f\uff0c\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u7701\u306e\u5168\u56fd\u8abf\u67fb\uff08\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u77012022\u5e74\uff09\u3067\u306f\uff0c1984\u5e74\u306b215kg\/10a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c2020\u5e74\u306f62kg\/10a\u306830\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u7d04\uff11\/\uff13\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u53ef\u7d66\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\uff12\u5272\u306e\u6c34\u7530\u3067\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u5730\u529b\u306e\u4f4e\u4e0b\u304c\u61f8\u5ff5\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u798f\u5cf6\u770c\u3067\u306f\uff0c2011\u5e74\u306e\u6771\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u9707\u707d\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u30bb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u5bfe\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306e\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u30ab\u30ea\u542b\u91cf\uff0825mg\/100g\u4ee5\u4e0a)\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u3078\u306e\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u306e\u9084\u5143\u3092\u6307\u5c0e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u9707\u707d\u524d\u3088\u308a\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7b49\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\uff0c\u5806\u80a5\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5730\u529b\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, in recent years, yield and quality decline due to abnormally high temperatures during the growing season has become a problem. In the case of box fertilization, because the nitrogen leaching of the fertilizer used is highly temperature-dependent, there are concerns that under extremely high temperature conditions, the fertilizer efficacy may be delayed or not sustained until the latter half of the crop's ripening period. In addition, there is concern about the rapid decomposition of rice straw due to extremely high temperatures, resulting in abnormal straw reduction and the generation of methane gas, which may lead to growth disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Therefore, as basic data for fertilizer management under high temperature conditions, we decided to investigate the effect of continuous use of rice straw in box fertilization using \"Seedling Box Makase\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Testing Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8fb2\u696d\u7dcf\u5408\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u5185\u306e\u6c34\u7530\u306b\u304a\u3044\u30662020\u5e74\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306e\uff12\u5e74\u9593\u8a66\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3002
\u3000\u4f9b\u8a66\u6c34\u7530\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u9084\u5143\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30ab\u30ea\u306e\u65bd\u7528\u52b9\u679c\u3082\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u306e\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u30ab\u30ea\u542b\u91cf\u304c15mg\/100g\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\uff0c2017\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u6bce\u5e74\uff0c\u53ce\u7a6b\u5f8c\u306b\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u3092\u5168\u91cf\u642c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6c34\u7530\u3068\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u3092\u9084\u5143\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6c34\u7530\u306e\uff12\u7b46\u3092\u9078\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8a66\u9a13\u306f\uff0c\u672c\u770c\u306e\u30b3\u30b7\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u65bd\u80a5\u4f53\u7cfb(\u7a92\u7d20\uff1a\u57fa\u80a5\uff14kg\/10a\uff0c\u8ffd\u80a5\uff12kg\/10a\uff0c\u8a08\uff16kg\/10a)\u3092\u6163\u884c\u683d\u57f9\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\uff62\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\uff2e400\u201280\uff63\uff0c\uff62\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\uff2e400\u2012\uff2230\u300d\u306e\uff12\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u80a5\u6599\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u8015\u7a2e\u6982\u8981\uff08\u8868\uff11\uff09\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a66\u9a13\u533a\u306e\u69cb\u6210\uff08\u8868\uff12\uff09\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Results and Discussion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Summary of growing season weather<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u30002020\u5e74\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u6c17\u6e29\u306f\uff0c\uff15\u6708\uff11\u534a\u65ec\u304c\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a\uff15\u2103\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\uff15\u6708\uff14\u534a\u65ec\u304b\u3089\uff15\u534a\u65ec\u306b10\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u65e5\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\uff15\u6708\u306e\u6708\u5e73\u5747\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a\uff12\u2103\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff16\u6708\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a1.4\u2103\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\uff17\u6708\u306f1.2\u2103\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u51fa\u7a42\u5f8c\u306e\uff18\u6708\uff14\u534a\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a2.3\u2103\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u65e5\u7167\u6642\u9593\u3082\u5e73\u5e74\u6bd4127\uff05\u3068\u9577\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30002021\u5e74\u306f\uff0c\uff15\u6708\uff12\u534a\u65ec\u307e\u3067\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a\u7d04\uff12\u2103\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\uff16\u6708\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a0.9\u2103\uff0c\uff17\u6708\u306f0.6\u2103\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff18\u6708\uff13\u534a\u65ec\u306f\uff0c\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a5.4\u2103\u4f4e\u304f\uff0c\uff18\u6708\uff13\u534a\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u3088\u308a1.8\u2103\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u65e5\u7167\u6642\u9593\u306f\uff0c\uff18\u6708\uff13\u534a\u65ec\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u6bd476\uff05\u3068\u77ed\u304f\uff0c\u7279\u306b\uff18\u6708\uff13\u534a\u65ec\u304b\u3089\uff15\u534a\u65ec\u306f\u5e73\u5e74\u6bd445\uff05\u3068\u304b\u306a\u308a\u77ed\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff08\u56f3\uff11)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(2) Seedling quality at transplantation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u30002020\u5e74\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30022021\u5e74\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306b\u533a\u9593\u306e\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u306f\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u4e7e\u7269\u91cd\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u533a\u304c\u3084\u3084\u5c0f\u3055\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8449\u9f62\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u3068\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff13)\u30022020\u5e74\u306f\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u304c32\u65e5\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\uff15\u6708\uff11\u534a\u65ec\u306e\u9ad8\u6e29\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u300c\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\u300d\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u65e9\u304f\u6eb6\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u304a\u3088\u3073\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u533a\u306e\u8349\u4e08\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306f\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306e\u6c17\u6e29\u304c\u5e73\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u80b2\u82d7\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306b\u300c\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\u300d\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6eb6\u51fa\u305b\u305a\uff0c\u8449\u9f62\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3082\u8349\u4e08\u306e\u4f38\u9577\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\u4e26\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(3) Growth in rice paddies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u30002020\u5e74\uff0c\u79fb\u690d40\u65e5\u5f8c\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306f\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u304c33.6cm\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u304c32.5cm\u3068\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u9577\u304f\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f \u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u304c15.7\u672c\/\u682a\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u304c16.3\u672c\/\u682a\u3068\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff14\uff0c\u56f3\uff12\uff0c\u56f3\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"No.<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306f31.3\uff5e31.5cm\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u3068\u3082\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u304c13.7\u672c\/\u682a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u304c14.7\u672c\/\u682a\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\u304c15.9\u672c\/\u682a\u3068\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u79fb\u690d60\u65e5\u5f8c\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u306f\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u3082\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306f\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u8449\u8272\u306f\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u8349\u4e08\u306f40\u65e5\u5f8c\u3088\u308a\u533a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5dee\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\u533a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5dee\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6210\u719f\u671f\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u306f\u79fb\u690d60\u65e5\u5f8c\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7a08\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u3068\u3082\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff1e\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7a08\u9577\u306f\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1B30\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u306f\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u304c\u7a08\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u3068\u3082\u6700\u3082\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30002021\u5e74\uff0c\u79fb\u690d40\u65e5\u5f8c\u306e\u8349\u4e08\uff0c\u830e\u6570\uff0c\u8449\u8272\u306e\u5024\u306f\u5168\u3066\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u3082\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff14\uff0c\u56f3\uff12\uff0c\u56f3\uff13)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u79fb\u690d60\u65e5\u5f8c\u306e\u8349\u4e08\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u79fb\u690d40\u65e5\u5f8c\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306e\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u3068\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8449\u8272\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff1e\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1e\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1e\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u8349\u4e08\uff0c\u830e\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u3082\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u8449\u8272\u306f\u9006\u306b\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6210\u719f\u671f\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u306f\u79fb\u690d60\u65e5\u5f8c\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7a08\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u3068\u3082\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u533a\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7a08\u9577\u306f\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u306f\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u9806\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u53ca\u3073\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u3082\u306b\u7a08\u9577\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c2020\u5e74\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306e\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u79fb\u690d40\u65e5\u5f8c\u306e\u830e\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff1e\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff1e\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u533a\u306e\u830e\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Yield and yield components<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u30002020\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7a42\u7c7e\u6570\uff08\u7c92\/\u7a42\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0864.7\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff0876.0)\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0863.7\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0868.7\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0870.7\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u3082\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3067\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u767b\u719f\u6b69\u5408\uff08\uff05\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0890.6\uff09\uff1e\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff0888.9)\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0876.1\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0883.6\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0887.2\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\uff08kg\/10a\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0855.1\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff0857.9)\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0855.0\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0858.6\uff09\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0861.0\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u304c\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff15)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30002021\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7a42\u7c7e\u6570\uff08\u7c92\/\u7a42\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0876.9)\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff0878.5)\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0880.4\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0882.9\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0883.8\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c2020\u5e74\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u3082\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3067\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u767b\u719f\u6b69\u5408\uff08\uff05\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u533a(77.9\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff0878.7)\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0870.7\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0872.7\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0875.6\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\uff08kg\/10a\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff0839.8\uff09\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0846.0)\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0841.1\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0842.1\uff09\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0843.0\uff09\u306e\u9806\u3067\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u3082\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u304c\u9ad8\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff15)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u306a\u304a\uff0c\u33a1\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u7c7e\u6570\uff08\u00d7100\u7c92\/\u33a1\uff09\u306f\uff0c2020\u5e74\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff08188\uff09\uff1c\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff08245)\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff08220\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff08243\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306f\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff08347\uff09\uff1e\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff08322)\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a(293\uff09\uff1c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff08303\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306f\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u533a\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u767b\u719f\u6b69\u5408\u306f\uff0c\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3068\u3082\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u533a\u3067\u4f4e\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u8868\uff15)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(5) Changes in soil nutrients<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u8a66\u9a13\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff082020\u5e74\uff14\u6708\uff09\u3068\u8a66\u9a13\u7d42\u4e86\u5f8c\uff082021\u5e74\uff19\u6708\uff09\u306e\u571f\u58cc\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\uff08\u8868\uff16)\uff0c\u53ef\u7d66\u614b\u7a92\u7d20\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u306e\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u533a\uff08\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff09\u3067\u306f\u8a66\u9a13\u958b\u59cb\u304b\u3089\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u533a\uff08\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff09\u3067\u306f2020\u5e74\uff19\u6708\u304b\u30892021\u5e74\uff14\u6708\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u30ab\u30ea\u3082\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u533a\uff08\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u533a\uff08\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff09\u306b\u6bd4\u30792020\u5e74\uff19\u6708\u304b\u30892021\u5e74\uff14\u6708\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u53ef\u7d66\u614b\u30ea\u30f3\u9178\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u533a\uff08\u6163\u884c\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\uff09\u304c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u533a\uff08\u6163\u884c\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff09\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u5024\u3067\u63a8\u79fb\u3057\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5224\u7136\u3068\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff08\u56f3\uff14)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

(6) Consideration<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In 2020, although there was an effect of low temperatures immediately after transplanting, growth 40 days after transplanting was inferior to conventional fertilization in the box-fertilized plot, regardless of whether rice straw was applied or not, similar to the results reported by Ueno (2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\uff16\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\uff0c\uff62\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\u300d\u306e\u80a5\u52b9\u306f\uff0c\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u4f4e\u304f\u7d4c\u904e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u672c\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e7e\u571f\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7a92\u7d20\u767a\u73fe\u91cf\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u6c34\u7530\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u3088\u308a\u9855\u8457\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u533a\u306f\uff0c\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u79fb\u690d40\u65e5\u5f8c\u306e\u830e\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306e\u533a\u3067\u9855\u8457\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u751f\u80b2\u304c\u6291\u5236\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u5831\u544a\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u305f\uff08\u5343\u8449\u30891980\uff0c\u5b89\u85e4\u30891986\uff0c\u524d\u75301983)\u3002\u3000\u5b89\u85e4\u3089\uff081986\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u6c34\u7530\u306b\u65bd\u7528\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u4e2d\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u306f\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u4f4e\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3082\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u7531\u6765\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u304c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3059\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u91cf\u306f\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The total nitrogen content in the soil of the test paddy in this study was 0.09-0.01%, which was considerably lower than the 0.30% in the rice paddy studied by Ando et al. The available nitrogen in the soil of the test paddy before fertilizer application (April) was also low at 7.3-9.7 mg\/100g. This suggests that the proportion of fertilizer-derived nitrogen incorporated into the rice straw was quite high because the effect of dry soil before watering was small and the inorganic nitrogen content in the soil was low in the early growth stage of the test paddy was small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\u672c\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\uff0c2020\u5e74\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306e\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u79fb\u690d40\u65e5\u5f8c\u306e\u8449\u8272\u5024\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u533a\u3088\u308a\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u533a\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3057\u305f\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u533a\u306f\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u5f8c\u306e\u7a92\u7d20\u5438\u53ce\u91cf\u304c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u7121\u65bd\u7528\u306e\u533a\u3088\u308a\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u304c\u52a3\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Ueno (2014) stated that the initial growth of paddy rice is closely related to the dry-soil effect, and that in paddy fields with low nitrogen soil fertility and low dry-soil effect, box fertilization alone is not sufficient to ensure initial growth, and a combination of side-row fertilization and fertilization at emergence is necessary to achieve the target yield. Therefore, when box fertilization is used, it is important to understand the amount of available nitrogen in the paddy soil and to prepare the soil to increase the expression of nitrogen by the dry-soil effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The suppression of early growth by rice straw application may be due to oxygen consumption in the soil by rice straw decomposition, rapid reduction of the soil, and generation of methane and hydrogen sulfide, which may cause poor establishment, delayed root growth, and inhibition of nutrient absorption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u6b21\u306b\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u4e0a\u91ce\uff082015\uff09\u306f\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u53ce\u91cf\u306e\u78ba\u4fdd\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u521d\u671f\u830e\u6570\u306e\u65e9\u671f\u78ba\u4fdd\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u830e\u6570\u3092\u30bb\u30fc\u30d6\u3057\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u830e\u6b69\u5408\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u529b\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u571f\u58cc\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Because this study was conducted on soils with low nitrogenous soil fertility, the low number of stems at 40 days after transplanting tended to result in a low number of ears. In particular, in 2020, the number of early stems was lower in the box-fertilized area than in the conventionally fertilized area, and the number of stems was also lower in the area where rice straw was applied in both the conventionally and box-fertilized areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Straw application has a negative effect on the number of ears because of the low number of stems 40 days after transplanting, but the results show that the number of ears in 2020 was higher in the 80 straw seedling box than in the 80 seedling box, and the number of rice paddy was higher in the 80 straw seedling box than in the 80 seedling box in both 2020 and 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Chiba et al. (1980) reported that the amount of mineralized soil nitrogen increased rapidly with increasing temperature in rice-straw intercropped fields, and that it was expressed mainly during the juvenile ear formation period. This is assumed to be because the nitrogen expressed was absorbed by the rice plants and acted to secure the effective number of stems and rice paddy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u7a92\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u529b\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u571f\u58cc\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u306f\uff0c\u33a1\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u306e\u7a42\u6570\u3084\u7c7e\u6570\u306e\u78ba\u4fdd\u306b\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u30b3\u30b7\u30d2\u30ab\u30ea\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7a42\u6570\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u54c1\u7a2e\u306b\u306f\u6709\u52b9\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u3068\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306e\u7a42\u6570\u3068\u4e00\u7a42\u7c7e\u6570\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c2020\u5e74\u306f\u7a42\u6570\u3068\u4e00\u7a42\u7c7e\u6570\u3068\u3082\uff0c\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u7a42\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u7a42\u7c7e\u6570\u304c\u78ba\u4fdd\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306f\u4e00\u7a42\u7c7e\u6570\u306f\u540c\u7b49\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\uff0c\u7a42\u6570\u306f\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u304c\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306e\u51fa\u7a42\u65e5\u304c8\/10\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c2020\u5e74\u306e8\/15\u3088\u308a\uff15\u65e5\u65e9\u307e\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\uff62\u82d7\u7bb1\u307e\u304b\u305b\uff2e400\u2012\uff2230\u300d\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u671f\u9593\u306f100\u65e5\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c2021\u5e74\u306e\u5e7c\u7a42\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u306f7\/18\u9803\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u63a8\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u82d7\u7bb1\uff2230\u308f\u3089\u533a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u5e7c\u7a42\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u307e\u3067\u306b\u80a5\u6599\u7531\u6765\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u304c\u5341\u5206\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u7531\u6765\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6eb6\u51fa\u671f\u959380\u65e5\u306e\u82d7\u7bb180\u308f\u3089\u533a\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u7a42\u6570\u304c\u78ba\u4fdd\u51fa\u6765\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Therefore, under high temperature conditions, the ear formation period is expected to be accelerated. Therefore, the application of rice straw was considered effective in box fertilization to supplement fertilizer efficacy, taking into consideration the duration of fertilizer efficacy to secure the number of ears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000The maturity yield tended to be lower when rice straw was applied, both with conventional fertilizer and with box fertilizer. This may be due to the fact that the application of rice straw increased the number of rice paddy, but did not provide sufficient nitrogen to increase the maturity yield after ear emergence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u672c\u770c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u30661985\u5e74\uff5e2005\u5e74\u306e21\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u3092\u9023\u7528\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\uff0c\uff16\uff05\u5897\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u4e09\u6d66\u30892022)\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u672c\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\uff0c2020\u5e74\u306e\u6163\u884c\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\u7cbe\u7384\u7c73\u91cd\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306f\u4e21\u5e74\u3068\u3082\u5c11\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u306e\u9023\u7528\u671f\u9593\u304c\u77ed\u304f\uff0c\u571f\u58cc\u306e\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u3082\u4e09\u6d66\u3089\u306e\u5831\u544a\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5730\u529b\u306e\u5dee\u304c\u7121\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000On the other hand, considering Chiba et al.'s (1980) report that in rice paddy fields with long-term continuous application of rice straw, the application of ear fertilizer promotes mineralization of soil nitrogen and increases the uptake of soil-derived nitrogen until late in the season, it is expected that the yield of box fertilization will also turn to increase with continued continuous application of rice straw. Furthermore, the continuous use of rice straw also slightly increased the availability nitrogen and exchangeable potassium in the present results, and is also effective in maintaining exchangeable potassium, as reported previously (e.g., Miura et al. 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Chiba et al. (1980) reported that reducing rice straw, applying lime nitrogen and soil improvement materials simultaneously, and fall plowing in the fall season are effective in increasing soil nitrogen. The following is a brief summary of the results of the study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In rice paddies with low nitrogen soil fertility, box fertilization may not ensure the amount of nitrogen necessary for early growth, resulting in lower yields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000However, in rice paddies with low nitrogen fertility, it is necessary to promote the decomposition of rice straw before watering by reducing the straw in the fall and plowing in the fall to suppress early stage of growth and to ensure stable ear number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Rice farming operations are becoming larger and larger, but new measures must be taken to counter soaring prices of fertilizers and other commodities and to realize the Green Food System Strategy, which requires fertilizer application technology that enables further labor savings and cost reduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Under these circumstances, box fertilization is a highly effective fertilizer application method, and is considered to be a labor-saving, low-cost, and stable production technology. In order to utilize box fertilization as a more effective technology, it is necessary to conduct soil diagnosis and select the type of fertilizer for box application, \"Seedling Box Leave,\" taking into consideration the fertilizing effect of compost and the amount of available nitrogen in the soil, as well as the nutrients related to soil fertility, such as the content of available nitrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In conclusion, not limited to box fertilization, the most important thing to achieve stable production is to continue to cultivate the soil to increase soil fertility through the continuous use of organic materials such as rice straw and compost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\uff11\uff09\u4e0a\u91ce\u6b63\u592b\uff0e\u82d7\u7bb1\u65bd\u80a5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u672c\u7530\u751f\u80b2\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u7559\u610f\u70b9\uff0e\u8fb2\u696d\u3068\u79d1\u5b66\uff0e\u7b2c667\u53f7\uff0cp8\uff0dp12\uff0e(2015\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\uff12\uff09\u5343\u8449\u6e80\u7537\uff0c\u5cf6\u6d25\u4e86\u53f8\uff0c\u6b66\u85e4\u548c\u592b\uff0c\u5185\u7530\u4fee\u5409\uff0e\u6c34\u7530\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u65bd\u7528\u3068\u7a32\u4f5c\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\uff0e\u5ca9\u624b\u770c\u7acb\u8fb2\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u5834\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u3000\u7b2c22\u53f7\uff0c81\u2012117.(1980\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\uff13\uff09\u5b89\u85e4\u3000\u8c4a\uff0c\u5e84\u5b50\u8c9e\u96c4\uff0c\u53ca\u5ddd\u3000\u52c9\uff0c\u83c5\u91ce\u5fe0\u6559\uff0e\u6c34\u7530\u571f\u58cc\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u7a32\u308f\u3089\u5206\u89e3\u3068\u7a92\u7d20\u306e\u6319\u52d5\uff0e\u65e5\u672c\u571f\u58cc\u80a5\u6599\u5b66\u96d1\u8a8c\u3000\u7b2c57\u5dfb\uff0c\u7b2c\uff14\u53f7\uff0c359\u2012364.(1986\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Maeda, Kenichi. Quantitative Evaluation of the Behavior of Nitrogen Applied to Paddy Fields. Agricultural Research Center Research Report 1, 121-193 (1983).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) UENO, Masao. Nitrogen Fertility of Paddy Soils and the Mechanism of Mineralization. Agriculture and Science. No. 658, p1-p5.(2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) Miura, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Sasagawa, M., et al. (6) Miura, Y., Matsumoto, Y. and Sasakawa, M. Effects of long-term continuous use of three elements, organic matter and soil amendments on rice yield and paddy soil chemistry. Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Science Research Report 13, 33-48.(2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Soil - No. 32
\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u7015\u3059\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u571f\uff0d\u305d\u306e\uff12
\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u4eba\u9593\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u571f\u3092\u52a3\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u524d \u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30ab\u30e0\u30a2\u30b0\u30ea\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e
\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u652f\u5e97\u3000\u6280\u8853\u9867\u554f
\u677e\u4e2d\u3000\u7167\u592b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Soil is the foundation of food production. Without soil conservation, food security is impossible and advanced civilization cannot be maintained. In my previous article, I said that we must ask ourselves how we can make the most of this lesson today. Unfortunately, I do not believe that this lesson is being fully applied. This is because soil degradation is still progressing around the world. In this issue, I would like to discuss inappropriate human activities that are the main cause of this degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. soil degradation due to human activities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Degradation of food-producing farmland refers to the phenomenon in which the soil is degraded and crop productivity is significantly reduced or eliminated as a result of inappropriate soil management and excessive deprivation of the soil in order to increase productivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Soil is a product of its environment. Soil changes and is created in the most stable direction under a given environment. Therefore, as long as human activities are within the range of such changes, the soil itself does not deteriorate. When human activities cause changes in the soil that are greater than those caused by the environment, the soil deteriorates. Although the data on soil degradation caused by human activities are somewhat old, it is estimated to be about 2 billion hectares, or about 17% of all vegetated areas in the world (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u516c\u958b\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u72b6\u6cc1\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306b\u60aa\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002\u56fd\u9023\u98df\u7ce7\u8fb2\u696d\u6a5f\u95a2\uff08FAO\uff09\u4e8b\u52d9\u7dcf\u9577\u30b7\u30eb\u30f4\u30a1\u304c\u56fd\u969b\u571f\u58cc\u30c7\u30fc\u3068\u56fd\u969b\u571f\u58cc\u5e74\u306e\u767a\u8db3\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u571f\u306e\uff13\u5206\u306e\uff11\u304c\u52a3\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u306e\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Silva\uff0c2014)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Major human activities that degrade the soil include improper agricultural management through over-cultivation, overgrazing that allows livestock to graze more than the regenerative capacity of wild grasses, and over-cutting of forests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. human activities that degrade agricultural soil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1) Improper agricultural management - over-cultivation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Convenient land suitable for agriculture is cultivated and turned into farmland at an early stage. However, the more such land is cultivated, the more people live there. In order for humans to live, land is necessary. Industrial land is also necessary. At present, most of the land suitable for agriculture has already been developed, and the development of agricultural land has reached its limits. Therefore, as the population continues to grow, the world's per capita cereal production area continues to decline. As a result, increased food production has to be expected on a per-unit-area basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In developing countries, where agriculture is practiced with a high degree of abandon, excessive cultivation is repeated with inadequate nutrient supply and soil management, resulting in overuse of the soil. In the past, slash-and-burn shifting cultivation was reused only after both soil fertility and reforestation had been sufficiently restored. Recently, however, this is no longer possible. This is because the land area for shifting cultivation has decreased due to the increase in population. In particular, over-cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions leads to land desertification (Igasaki, 2015). Furthermore, the introduction of inappropriate irrigation in these zones can easily lead to soil salinization as seen in Mesopotamia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000On the other hand, intensive farming areas tend to provide more nutrients than necessary in the hope of increasing yields. This leads not only to environmental pollution but also to soil salinization caused by excess nutrients, making it impossible to grow crops. This improper management of agriculture leads to soil degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Overgrazing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Developing countries in Asia and Africa have used the wild grasses of the land for grazing use by livestock. This is because they provide a living food reserve for livestock. Their manure is used as a source of nutrients for the soil, and dried manure is sometimes used as fuel. However, as the number of grazing livestock increases with population growth, grazing livestock forage for more wild grasses than they regenerate, resulting in a decrease in the density of wild grasses, which exposes the soil. This is the state of overgrazing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Under overgrazing conditions, not only is the soil exposed, but it also becomes hard and compacted by the treading pressure of livestock. The hard soil surface prevents rainwater from infiltrating the soil, and surface runoff erodes the topsoil, accelerating degradation. Wild grasses also play an important role in helping the soil retain water. However, when wild grasses are lost from the soil due to overgrazing, the soil becomes arid and desertified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Loss of forests<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u3000Forests also play an important role in retaining soil moisture. However, population growth in developing countries increases the demand for wood for housing and fuelwood, and the use of wood expands to include important forests. The expansion and inappropriate use of slash-and-burn cultivation areas and conversion of land to pastureland also lead to the gradual decline of forests. The loss of forests that follows the decline also contributes to soil degradation. In particular, the loss of forests in tropical rainforest areas causes further soil degradation due to soil erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30002020\u5e74\u306e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u306f\uff0c\u9678\u5730\u306e\u304a\u3088\u305d31\uff05\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b41\u5104ha\u304c\u68ee\u6797\uff08\u690d\u6797\u5730\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u540c\u3058\uff09\u3067\u8986\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08FAO\uff0c2021)\u30021990\u5e74\u304b\u30892020\u5e74\u306e30\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u68ee\u6797\u9762\u7a4d\u306f6,860\u4e07ha\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\uff0c\uff12\u51044,610\u4e07ha\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u3053\u306e30\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u4e16\u754c\u304b\u3089\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u6b63\u5473\u306e\u68ee\u6797\u9762\u7a4d\u306f\uff11\u51048\u5343\u4e07ha\u306b\u9054\u3057\uff0c\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u56fd\u571f\u9762\u7a4d\uff083,778\u4e07ha\uff09\u306e\u7d04\uff15\u500d\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u6bce\u5e74600\u4e07ha\u3082\u306e\u68ee\u6797\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u68ee\u6797\u6d88\u5931\u9762\u7a4d\u306f\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u307f\u308b\u3068\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u68ee\u6797\u6d88\u5931\u9762\u7a4d\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u5357\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5730\u57df\u3067\uff0c1990\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306e30\u5e74\u9593\u306b\uff11\u51042,950\u4e07ha\u3082\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u3067\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f9,230\u4e07ha\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u5e73\u5747\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3053\u306e30\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6bce\u5e74308\u4e07ha\u3082\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30de\u30be\u30f3\u306e\u71b1\u5e2f\u96e8\u6797\u5730\u5e2f\u3067\u306e\u9055\u6cd5\u3067\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u904e\u5270\u4f10\u63a1\u304c\u4e3b\u306a\u8981\u56e0\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6d88\u5931\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\uff0c\u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306e\u5168\u68ee\u6797\u9762\u7a4d\uff082,494\u4e07ha\uff0c2020\u5e74FAO\uff09\u304c\uff0c\u304a\u3088\u305d\uff18\u5e74\u3067\u5931\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5024\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u5730\u57df\u3067\u30821990\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u306e30\u5e74\u9593\u3067\uff0c\uff11\u5104\uff11\u5343\u4e07ha\u306e\u68ee\u6797\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4ed6\u306e\u5730\u57df\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u306e10\u5e74\u3054\u3068\u306e\u6d88\u5931\u9762\u7a4d\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u50be\u5411\u304c\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u76f4\u8fd1\u306e2010\u5e74\u304b\u3089\u306e10\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u306f3,940\u4e07ha\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000In Asia, on the other hand, forest area increased by 52.7 million ha in the 30 years from 1990. This is largely due to the fact that China increased its forest area by 62.8 million ha during the same 30-year period through afforestation activities (Figure 2), and India also expanded its forest area by 8.22 million ha during the same period. Conversely, Indonesia lost 26.4 million ha of forest area during the same period. This is the result of continued over-cutting of Indonesia's tropical rainforests and peat forests as raw materials for paper production for Japan and other countries (Sagara, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u3000Excessive logging in tropical rainforests in Brazil, Indonesia, and other countries has a significant negative impact not only on the soil but also on the global environment. I will discuss this on another occasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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