§「更なる新しい常態」の創造に向けて
Jcam Agri Co.
営業統括本部長　田代　教昭
§春まきタマネギ栽培における肥効調節型肥料の利用
Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Center
Vegetable Department, Crops and Horticulture Division
副主任研究員　横田　祐未
§行灯仕立てアサガオ鉢の購入後施肥方法と長尺仕立てアサガオポット苗による新たな植物装飾の提案
Tokyo Metropolitan Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, Edogawa Branch
田旗　裕也

　

　

Toward the Creation of a "New Normal

　Happy New Year!
　令和３年の年頭にあたり，本誌「農業と科学」をご愛読いただいております皆様のご多幸とご繁栄をお祈り申し上げます。
　Last year, the worldwide spread of the new coronavirus had a major impact on our lives. New lifestyles such as avoiding the "three densities," wearing masks, and disinfecting hands were introduced, as well as new work styles such as telework and remote conferencing.

　In the agricultural sector, the decrease in demand for agricultural and livestock products for restaurants and the shortage of foreign workers have had a variety of effects, and various measures are being taken by individual producers, local communities, and the national government. With no end in sight, new initiatives such as "With Corona" and "After Corona" will be necessary in the future.

　In 1981, our "LP Coat" was first shipped to Ishikawa Prefecture as a raw material for BB fertilizer (for additional fertilizer), and the following year, in 1982, our "LP Compound" made from "LP Coat" was shipped to Okayama Prefecture for direct seeding in dry paddy fields. This was truly the start of "whole paddy rice cultivation with basal fertilizer. Since then, we have continued to build up our technology with the support of our research and distribution partners, and have continued to do so up to the present day.

　Today, "coated compound fertilizers" are produced and sold by various domestic fertilizer manufacturers, and they are now recognized as "one-shot fertilizers" in the agricultural industry. The percentage of rice paddy cultivation using these fertilizers is estimated to be more than 50% in terms of rice paddy area.
　This is the so-called "new normal" in paddy rice cultivation.
　However, with the recent intensification of weather fluctuations, changes in soil composition over the years, renewal of paddy rice varieties, and changes in demand from labor-saving to yield-increasing technologies, "paddy whole-plant fertilizer cultivation" is not always a "one-shot" solution.

　It has been about 40 years since the "Total Rice Fertilizer Cultivation" started. Last year, we started to study the matching of "total fertilizer cultivation technology" and smart agriculture, although we are late to the game. We are committed to creating a "new normal" that can contribute to agriculture through fertilizers, with the goals of responding to climate change and meeting the demand for technology to increase yields.

　In closing, I would like to wish you a Happy New Year and ask for your continued patronage of this issue of "Agriculture and Science".

　

　

Use of Fertilizer with Regulated Fertilizer in Spring Sown Onion Cultivation

Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Center
Vegetable Department, Crops and Horticulture Division
副主任研究員　横田　祐未

Introduction

　In areas in Fukushima Prefecture where evacuation orders have been lifted and in areas affected by the tsunami, there are few farmers who have returned to their farms, so a small number of people are required to manage large plots of land in order to maintain local agriculture. Land-use type open-air vegetables such as onions have been introduced to the region as a new crop to improve the profitability of management entities, and the onion cultivation area in the Hamadori region has expanded rapidly, starting from 30 a in FY 2015 to 2,742 a in FY 2020.

　Onion cultivation in the prefecture is divided into two types: fall sowing, in which onions are sown in August or September and planted in October, and spring sowing, in which onions are sown in January and planted in March, with the harvest period from June to July. In spring sowing, the period from planting to harvest is about three months, and generally no additional fertilizer is needed in the field. However, in fields with low soil fertility, fertilizer runoff during the growing season can cause nitrogen deficiency, leading to poor growth and lower yields.

　In this study, we selected a leaching type of controlled-release fertilizer suitable for spring-sown onion cultivation and attempted to determine whether a combination of conventional fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer could produce the same yield as conventional fertilizer with a reduced basal fertilizer.
　This test was conducted as a commissioned test for the Fukushima Plant Protection Association's "Test and Research Project on New Pesticides, etc.".

2. Testing Method

(1) Outline of cultivated species

　The trials were conducted in open fields (gray lowland soil) at the Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Center in Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture, for two years, 2018 and 2019. The seedlings were sown in 448-hole cell trays on January 24, 2018 and January 18, 2019 in a glasshouse with one inner curtain, and the temperature was set so that the minimum temperature would not fall below 10°C. The number of emerged leaves was 2.5 to 3. Minoru Mega Soil (Minoru Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the soil medium, and Tomy Liquid Fertilizer Black (Katakura Co-op Agri Co., Ltd.) was used as the fertilizer. Base fertilizer was applied on the day of planting.

　Planting was done on March 31, 2018 and April 2, 2019 using a four-row fully automatic transplanter. The planting density was 26,667 plants/10a (4 rows planted per row, row width 120 cm, row spacing 20 cm, and plant spacing 10 cm). The date of downfall, when 80% of the plants had fallen over the ground, was July 4 and July 15 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Harvesting was conducted simultaneously 7 days after the toppling date, on July 11 in 2018 and July 22 in 2019. Harvests were dried and stored in pipe houses covered with shading material with a shading rate of 501 TP3T.

2) Fertilizer selection (2018, 2019)

　Since onion tuberization is initiated by long-day conditions, it is important to allow sufficient growth of the stem and leaves by then. In addition, it is necessary to consider the negative effects of insufficient nitrogen at the start of enlargement, which results in poor ball enlargement, and too much nitrogen, which delays enlargement and tends to produce rotten balls (Kato, 1963; Iwata, 1959). In spring-sown cultivation of "Momiji No. 3" in Koriyama, stem and leaf growth was vigorous from mid-May, and around June 22, the number of emerged leaves reached 12 and enlargement progressed (Figs. 1-3).

　　　　

　このようなタマネギの生育特性を考慮して肥大期に遅効きしないように，肥料は窒素の溶出調整が可能な被覆尿素肥料のエムコート（ジェイカムアグリ株式会社）を用い，春まきタマネギ栽培に有効な溶出期間，溶出タイプを把握するため，表１の試験区を設定した。溶出タイプは2018年はリニア型溶出のL20，リニア型溶出のL30，リニア型溶出のL40，シグモイド型溶出のS20H，シグモイド型溶出のS30Hの計５種を供試した。2019年はL30とS20Hを用いた。なお，対照として窒素肥料に燐硝安加里S604を用いた慣行区を設けた。各区の面積はそれぞれ６m2（1.2ｍ×5ｍ) ，３反復で実施した。

　Fertilizer application rates for the test plots are shown in Table 2. Fertilizer was applied on the planting date. In the conventional zone, 15 kg of nitrogen, 30 kg of phosphate, and 15 kg of potash were applied per 10 a. In the other zone, half of the total nitrogen content was fertilized with a fertilizer with a controlled fertilizer. In the other areas, half of the total nitrogen was fertilized with a fertilizer with regulated fertilizer, and the other half with the conventional fertilizer, S604 phosphonitrite and potassium sulfate, together with 20% phosphorus and potassium sulfate, the amounts of fertilizer applied to the field were 15 kg of nitrogen, 30 kg of phosphoric acid, and 15 kg of potassium per 10 a.

3) Investigation of the effect of fertilizer application regulating fertilizer on fertilizer reduction（2019)

　Because of the high fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer application, the test plots in Table 2 were set up to confirm the effect of fertilizer reduction of S604 phosphonitrite and potassium phosphate, the conventional fertilizer used as the base fertilizer. L30 (linear elution) and S20H (sigmoidal elution) were used as elution types.

　In the L30 reduced fertilizer and S20H reduced fertilizer test plots, half of the total nitrogen was fertilized with fertilizer with regulated fertilizer, and the conventional fertilizer, S604 phosphorus nitrate and potassium sulfate, was reduced by 30%, and the amount of fertilizer applied to the field together with 20% phosphorus and potassium sulfate was 13 kg for the nitrogen component, 30 kg for the phosphoric acid component and 15 kg for the potash component per 10 a. The fertilizer was applied in the main field.

(4) Survey Method

　肥効調節型肥料の窒素積算溶出率は，供試肥料を2.5gずつ，それぞれメッシュ袋に入れたものを定植日に地表面から5cm程度の各試験区の地中に埋設し，収穫までに2018年は4月20日，5月11日，6月1日，6月22日，7月13日（計５回) ，2019年は5月7日，6月5日，6月27日，7月11日（計４回）に採取し，窒素残存量を分析して算出した。

　圃場の地温はデーターロガー「おんどとり」(T＆D株式会社）を用いて地表面から5cm下を測定した。タマネギの生育調査は，肥効調節型肥料の採取後に草丈，葉鞘茎，出葉数を各区40株計測した。草丈は地際から最大長となる葉鞘の長さを物差しで計測した。葉鞘茎は葉と球の間の境目の短茎をデジタルノギスで計測した。収穫物の球重と球径は，2018年は7月27日，2019年8月1日，腐敗発生率は葉鞘部からの腐敗進行程度を2018年は7月27日，8月27日，2019年は8月1日，8月19日に各区40株計測した。
　For temperature and precipitation, Amedas Koriyama site data were obtained (Japan Meteorological Agency, 2018-2019).

3. results

(1) Weather conditions

(1) Temperature and precipitation

　Average temperatures in 2018 were 15°C from late April and reached 25°C in early July; average temperatures in 2019 were 15°C from early May and did not exceed 25°C until mid-July. Precipitation amounts were 60 mm in late April and 90 mm in early May 2018, with a significant amount of precipitation in early May (Fig. 4).

(2) Average soil temperature

　In 2018, temperatures began to exceed 15°C from late April and the average soil temperature exceeded 25°C from early July onward; in 2019, temperatures began to exceed 15°C from early May and remained lower than in 2018 from late June onward (Figure 5).

(2) Elution type suitable for spring sown onion cultivation

(1) Nitrogen integrated leaching rate of fertilizer with regulated fertilizer

　L20, a linear em-coat (only in 2018), eluted linearly after application and reached 78% elution on May 11, when the integrated soil temperature after 52 days reached 751°C (theoretically 25°C x 20 days = 500°C) (Fig. 6). l30 eluted linearly after application in 2018, reaching 81% elution on June 1, when the integrated soil temperature after 62 days reached In 2019, it eluted 481 TP3T on May 7 and reached 801 TP3T elution on June 5, when the integrated soil temperature reached 1,079°C (theoretically 25°C x 30 days = 750°C) after elution (Figure 7).L40 (conducted only in 2018) eluted linearly after application and reached 75% elution on June 1, when the integrated soil temperature reached 958°C (theoretically 25°C x 40 days = 1,000°C) 62 days after application (Figure 6).

　シグモイド型のエムコートであるS20Hは2018年は4月20日時点では溶出せず，５月中旬頃から溶出が始まり，溶出から積算地温で728℃（理論上は25℃×20日＝500℃）となった6月1日に85%溶出に達した（図６) 。2019年は5月7日には24%溶出し，溶出から積算地温で630℃となった（理論上は25℃×20日＝500℃）6月5日に93%溶出に達した（図７) 。S30H（2018年のみ実施）は5月11日時点では6.6%とほとんど溶出せず，6月1日に62%溶出となり，溶出から積算地温で682℃（理論上は25℃×30日＝750℃）となった6月22日に90%溶出に達した（図６) 。
　Based on these results, M-Coat L30, L40, and S20H were the desired elution types, eluting in May, when weather and soil conditions are assumed to make it easier for the base fertilizer effect to wear off, and eluting at 80% in early June.

2) Effect on onion growth

　In 2018, grass height was minimum in the L40 section and maximum in the conventional section on May 11, but by June 1 there was no difference. No significant differences in number of leaves emerged and leaf sheath stems were observed throughout the period (Table 3). 2019 showed no significant differences in grass height, number of leaves emerged, and leaf sheath stems throughout the period in all sections (Table 4).

3) Impact on onion yield

　No significant differences were observed in ball weight, ball diameter, standard ball percentage, outer partial ball percentage, and rot percentage at harvest and one month after harvest in all the sections in both 2018 and 2019. Within-specification yields ranged from 4.7 to 5.0 t/10a in 2018 and 6.1 to 6.5 t/10a in 2019 (Tables 5 and 6).

Consideration

　The conventional fertilizer used in this study, phosphorus nitrate-ammonium potassium S604, is composed of approximately 60% ammonia nitrogen and 40% nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen lasts for approximately one month, while nitrate nitrogen may be lost in a short period due to rainfall, but it is estimated to last for approximately 15 days. Therefore, it is assumed that the effect of basal fertilizer tends to wear off in May, and the fertilizer used in this study, Emcote, a controlled-release fertilizer, made it possible to stably supply nitrogen components in May, when the above-ground area increases, and there was no effect on yield or rot rate. This suggests that there was no excessive supply of nitrogen during the fertilization period.

Summary

　The types that leached in May, when the base fertilizer effect is expected to be easily broken due to weather and soil conditions, and leached 80% in early June were Emcote L30, L40, and S20H. When the fertilizer M-Coat was used for half of the total nitrogen content of 15 kg/10a, and the conventional fertilizer S604 was used for the other half, there was no effect on growth and yield regardless of which leaching type of M-Coat was used. Furthermore, when the nitrogen content of conventional fertilizer was reduced by 30% and M-Coat L30 or S20H was used in combination with the conventional fertilizer, the yield was equivalent to that of the conventional fertilizer.

thanks

　We thank Dr. Kasai, Deputy Chief Researcher, and Dr. Ishiguri, Researcher, Vegetable Science Department, Crops and Horticulture Division, Fukushima Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, for their cooperation in conducting this study. Dr. Miura, Director of the Production and Environment Department, reviewed the manuscript. We express our deepest gratitude.

References

●加藤　徹　1963．
　タマネギの球の形成肥大および休眠に関する生理学的研究（第３報) ．
　高知大学農学部

●岩田　正利・森田　勇・本多　藤雄　1959．
　窒素供給期間の差異がタマネギの生育・収量に及ぼす影響．東京大学農学部

●農業技術大系　野菜編　８−②タマネギ，アスパラガス.
　（社) 農山漁村文化協会

●東北・北陸地域におけるタマネギの春まき栽培技術
　技術解説編（農研機構東北農業研究センター）

　

　

How to apply fertilizer after purchase of the morning glory pots for lanterns and
長尺仕立てアサガオポット苗による新たな植物装飾の提案

Tokyo Metropolitan Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, Edogawa Branch
田旗　裕也

Introduction

　アサガオは，日本の伝統園芸花であり芸術美を彷彿させる草本性つる性植物である^１)。その意匠は，日本画・工芸に巧みに取り入れられ，東京2020大会エンブレムの有力な候補にもなった^２・３)。アサガオの競花・品評会は全国各地で開催されているが，台東区内で毎年７月６日から３昼夜にわたって開催される入谷朝顔まつりは，最も著名かつ大規模なイベントとして知られ^４)。入谷朝顔まつりは，1992年頃には３日間で100万以上の人出で賑わい，売買鉢数は15万鉢にのぼったと推測されている。その売買鉢の大半は都内江戸川区産であり，江戸川区は全国でも稀有なアサガオ鉢の生産地として知られている（写真１) ^５・６)The following is a list of the most common problems with the "C" in the "C" column.

　入谷朝顔まつりで売買されるアサガオ鉢は，１鉢に４色，すなわち異花色・模様の大輪咲４品種を寄せ植えした行灯仕立てが定番となっている。この栽培方法は，より多くの花色を求める消費者ニーズが生産に反映されたことが発端であるが，消費地への輸送距離が短いという都市部生産者のメリットが発揮された有効な戦略ともいえる^７)。しかし，客と対面して販売する形態であっても，消費者が満足している鉢花を供給しているとは言いきれない。たとえば，生産・販売者は，第一に｢朝顔市に必ず花が咲く」ことを希求するため，購入後の品質管理面を含めたサポートは少ないのが現状である。そこで，筆者は４本植行灯アサガオの重要な品質要因と考えられる１鉢あたり開花数に着目し，購入後も着花良好な状態で観賞できるアサガオの肥培管理方法について検討した。

　一方，戦後日本の都市政策は，それまでの量的整備から，快適さ，美しさ，個性づくりを目指した質的整備へ転換したといわれている^８)。近年の都市計画では景観やヒートアイランド対策が重視され，都市が歴史・伝統的に培ってきた固有の町並みや景色を尊重し，彩りや色彩に拘った街づくりが進んでいる^９・10)。これらの動静の中で，木本性つる性植物は壁面緑化を中心に利用が拡大し，設置直後から観賞できるつる性長尺植物の生産も実用化されている^11・12)。しかし，草本性つる性植物に関しては知見が少なく，維持管理と持続性に難があるとみなされるため，壁面緑化を支援する自治体のホームページでも，工事を請け負う施工業者でも，推奨植物リストから除外されることが多い。

　Therefore, in order to expand the use of morning glories as plant ornaments utilizing their vines, regardless of the lantern style, we attempted to use combustible growing containers and soil for the production of long pots of seedlings with strings as inducements, taking into account further labor-saving measures such as disposal after the end of cultivation.

2. post-purchase fertilization method for lantern-shaped morning glory pots

(1) Materials and method of lantern making (common to Experiments 1 and 2)

　青斑入蝉葉系‘暁の春，暁の錦，暁の夢’および曜白大輪系‘富士の青’（いずれもサカタのタネ）の４品種を供試した。128穴セルトレイを用いて1999年4月21日に播種し，5月6日にセル苗を各品種１本ずつ４本植えし，行灯仕立てを行った。定植鉢用土は，赤土（千葉県産黒ボク土)：腐葉土：無調整ピートモス：もみ殻くん炭を容積比４：３：２：１で配合し，蒸気消毒を行い使用した（pＨ=5.5 (H₂O) ，EC=1.2mS/cm)。

　なお，赤土には3kg/m3の過リン酸石灰を予め混和した。定植鉢用土の基肥は，用土1m3あたり3kgの市販の緩効性化成肥料（N−P₂O₅−K₂O−MgO=6−40−6−15）とした。追肥は5月4日と14日に液肥（N−100ppm）を施用し，5月26日にはIB化成S1号（N−P₂O₅−K₂O−MgO=10−10−10−1）を１鉢当たり10粒（約5.4g）施用した。灌水は，ハス口による毎朝１回の手灌水とし，伸長したつる（主茎と側枝）はプラスチック製行灯に適宜誘引した。入谷朝顔まつり初日（7月6日）を販売日・購入日に想定し，以後２か月間を調査期間とした。

　販売日前の栽培場所は，POフィルム展帳の最低18℃加温パイプハウス内とし，購入後の管理場所は雨よけハウス内とした。なお，結実防止と翌日の正常な開花を促すために開花後の摘花処理（花がら摘み）を毎日実施し，枯死葉は除去に努めた。

(2) Amount of slow-release fertilizer applied at the time of purchase (Experiment 1)

　購入時における緩効性肥料の施用効果を花数の推移から明らかにする。7月7日に，市販の錠剤肥料（N−P₂O₅−K₂O=12−12−121.57g/粒）を鉢表面に置肥し，施肥量として０，４，８，12，16，20粒/鉢の６試験区で検討した。供試鉢数は５鉢/区で，9月7日まで雨よけハウス内で管理した。灌水は，曇雨天時以外は毎日朝１回を原則とし，つるまきは適宜行った。調査は日開花数で，開花数調査後に摘花処理を実施した。9月7日には，成葉葉身の緑色部６ヵ所の葉緑素値を葉緑素計（コニカミノルタ製SPAD−502）で計測した。

(3) Results of Experiment 1

　開花始から購入後２ヵ月間の累積開花数は，無処理区では260花/鉢であったが，８粒施用区では400花/鉢が咲き，無処理区に比べ５割以上増加した。また，４粒施用でも約380花/鉢が開花し，無処理区と比べ明らかに多かった。品種別の内訳では,‘暁の夢’は他品種より多花性の傾向が認められたが，４粒施用で各品種とも無処理区に比べ累積開花数は増加した（表１) 。購入から２ヵ月後である9月7日の葉色は，12粒から20粒の施用で最大を示したが，８粒施用においても良好であった（図１)。

(4) Type and dilution concentration of liquid fertilizer in post-purchase fertilizer management (Experiment 2)

　購入後の液肥による追肥効果を花数の推移から検討する。２種の市販液肥①N−P₂O₅−K₂O=20−20−20と②N−P₂O₅−K₂O=10−30−20を用い，①は250，500，1,000，2,000倍，②は125，250,500，1,000，2,000倍と希釈倍率の異なる試験区を設け，水道水のみの無処理区も含めた全10試験区（５鉢/区）で開花数の推移を調査した。なお，液肥の施用頻度は週１回で，灌水は毎日朝１回を原則とした。朝顔まつり２ヵ月後の9月7日までの期間，雨よけハウス内で管理し，つるまきは適宜行い，花数調査後の花は摘花した。9月7日には，成葉葉身部の緑色部３ヵ所の葉緑素値を計測した。

(5) Results of Experiment 2

　両液肥の処理区とも購入後２ヵ月間の累積開花数は稀釈倍率が小さいほど多かった。Ｎ濃度については，両液肥とも２次近似曲線のあてはまりが良く，ほぼ600ppmで累積開花数のピークがみられた（図２)。

(6) Summary of post-purchase fertilization methods for lantern-shaped morning glory pots

　As a result of the above, when a slow-release fertilizer was placed immediately after purchase and a commercial tablet fertilizer with a fertilizing effect of about one month was used, eight tablets per pot (1.5 g/pot for each of the three elements) was the appropriate amount. In the case of liquid fertilizer application, weekly application of [20-20-20] at a dilution of 500 times, N-400 ppm was effective. Considering cost and availability, [20-20-20] is more appropriate than [10-30-20].

　鉢花の養分吸収特性に関しては細谷の報告があるが^13・14)，本試験では，アサガオについて購入後２ヵ月間の長期間にわたる液肥管理を検討し，累積開花数に対して窒素濃度の影響が大きいことを明らかにした。細谷，池田は，植物の生育相および窒素基準の多量要素吸収比から鉢花品目を分類し^15・16)，須田らはポットマム等主要鉢花について，栽培後半の培養液濃度が日持ちに及ぼす影響を検討している¹⁷⁾。アサガオは，本葉を展開させながら茎が伸長し，開花を連続させることから，シクラメンと同様に長期開花型に含まれ，特に窒素の欠乏が，開花数と葉色を損なう大きな原因であると考えられる。今後，置肥の窒素肥効の持続期間や購入時鉢内に残存する窒素肥効についての検討が必要である。

Trial production of long tailored morning glory pot seedlings using combustible materials (Experiment 3)

(1) Materials and Methods (Experiment 3)

　桔梗咲品種「紫獅子」と「紅獅子」を供試した。紙製ポット「トーカンベジポットSA−30−2（外径9.0cm×高さ7.6cm）サンナップ(株) 製）と，ポリポット（PP・PE製黒色　外径9.0cm×高さ7.6cm）のそれぞれに，｢もみ殻くん炭（以下くんたん)｣ ，椰子殻コンポスト「あく抜きベラボン®1250M（以下ベラボン)」および赤土配合土（赤土：pH調整済みピートモス：腐葉土を容積比５：３：12で配合）を用土として用いた区を設定した。2017年5月1日に200穴セルトレイへ播種し，5月9日には１ポットあた「紫獅子」２株と「紅獅子」１株を寄せ植えで定植した。基肥には市販の緩効性化成肥料（N−P₂O₅−K₂O−MgO=6−40−6−15）3g/Lと微量要素入り被覆燐硝安加里（マイクロロングトータル280−70タイプ）を2g/L施用した。ポット育苗中に伸張したつるは，長さ1.8ｍのジュートひもへ誘引し長尺仕立てポット苗とした。

　入谷朝顔まつり最終日である7月8日以降は江戸川分場本館南側壁面で，ポットのまま屋外管理の展示実証を行った。なお，長尺仕立てポット苗は地面に敷設した雨樋（タキロン製TR75）内に株間10cm直列で置床し，誘引ひも追加により最大草丈３mに対応できるよう管理した。供試個体数は，ハウス内育苗時は各区７株以上，屋外管理時は12株を供試した。屋外管理時の追肥として，市販の液肥（N−P₂O₅−K₂O=20−20−20）の2000倍希釈液を施用した。実測と定点定時撮影カメラ（Brinno製TLC600）の画像判定（毎朝5:00から10:00まで１時間のインターバル撮影）により，草丈と花色別の開花位置の推移を調査した。

(2) Combination of growing container and soil and seedling growth (Experiment 3)

　For potted seedlings planted on May 9, leaf color (SPAD value) did not differ among containers, but was influenced by the substrate. In particular, the SPAD value of cotyledons on May 21 was significantly lower in Veravon. Even on June 13, when the cotyledons had dropped off, there were significant differences among the soils (Table 2). Grass height was affected by both container and soil on June 13 and June 27, but only by soil and not by container on July 4. Although grass height was inferior in the Veravon area on all survey dates, it increased with the number of growing days, indicating that the growth was good (Table 3). No difference was observed in the date of first flowering among the different containers and soils (data omitted).

(3) Dry weight of long tailored pot seedlings at completion (Experiment 3)

　The flowering of each section of containers and soils was ready, and the outdoor installation was set for July 7, the middle day of the Iriya Morning Glory Festival. The dry matter weight of the long-tailored potted seedlings at the time of shipment was reduced to half that of the conventional combination of polyethylene pots and red soil by using Kuntan and Veravon (Fig. 3).

(4) Outdoor placement of long-tailored potted seedlings with combustible materials and the number of daily blooms (Experiment 3)

　The number of daily blooms in paper pots made of combustible material in combination with either kuntan or veravon as a substrate was equivalent to that of the conventional material until August 9 (Figure 4).

(5) Outdoor management of long tailored potted seedlings using combustible materials and their growth and flowering (Experiment 3)

　The plant height of the combination of Kuntan and Bellavon in paper pots on July 26 and August 1 and 10 was similar to that of the conventional polypropylene pots + red soil mixture. The distribution of flowering by height above ground was also similar, but on July 26 and August 1, "Red Lion" tended to flower at relatively low height (less than 1.0 m above ground) and "Purple Lion" at 1.0 m above ground. The flowers were almost uniformly distributed at each height (Fig. 5, Photo 2).

Summary

　We focused on the number of blooms during the first two months after purchase of the four-plant, paper-lantern style morning glories, a standard at the Iriya Morning Glory Festival, and investigated fertilization methods after purchase. The results showed that (1) slow-release fertilizer with at least 1.5 g each of the three elements at the time of purchase and (2) weekly application of a liquid fertilizer (N-400 ppm) containing equal amounts of the three elements after purchase were effective.
　We also attempted to commercialize long pot seedlings of morning glory induced by string, and proposed a plant decoration that can be disposed of entirely as combustible waste after use by using a combustible cultivation container and soil. The paper pots used as growing containers showed good growth as well as conventional polypropylene pots, and the number of days of flowering was not affected. In addition, by filling the paper pots with kuntan, it was possible to reduce the weight by 50% or more compared to conventional pots, and no effect on growth and flowering was observed.

　これら研究成果の一部は，2020年東京大会会場等の植物装飾の材料生産場面で利用され，すでに台東区浅草並木通り等で活用されている（写真３)¹⁸⁾。アサガオを鉢花として購入，或いは植物装飾として植栽した後に欠かせない注意点として，窒素肥効の持続性が挙げられる。その点，緩効性であるロング肥料などの効果は高く，これらを上手く使いこなしていくことが観賞性向上に不可欠であると考えられた。

*The present results are a summary of Tokyo Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report (32) "Technical Improvement and Post-purchase Management Methods of Gyoran Morning Glory Production for Iriya Morning Glory Market" (2004) and Tokyo Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report (15) "Development of New Plant Decorative Materials by Long-Tailoring Morning Glories" (2020). Part of the research was conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan under the "Commissioned Research and Development of Technology to Enhance the International Competitiveness of Domestic Flowering Plants (FY2015-2019)".

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